Low NOx emission characteristics of refuse-recovered low BTU gases as fuel for high efficiency gas turbines

This paper discusses the problems of using refuse-recovered low Btu gases as fuel of high-temperature regenerative gas turbines. First, it is briefly described that the system using refuse-recovered fuels has a great possibility of being superior both in energy conservation and in solving refuse disposal problems in urban areas. Next, by taking a fermentation gas of the sewage sludge and a pyrolysis gas of the municipal refuse as examples, it is confirmed that a combustion gas with the high flame temperature required for a high efficiency gas turbine can sufficiently be obtained. Finally, through a case study in which no special condition is assumed, the system using these refuse-recovered low Btu gases whose flame temperatures are low is shown to be excellent in the thermal NO_x formation characteristics as compared to that using the conventional fuel with a high calorific value.     

On the use of ultrafiltration for the concentration and desalting of phosvitin from egg yolk protein concentrate

An ultrafiltration‐based approach was integrated in the preparation of phosvitin (PVs) from delipidated egg yolk proteins. An attempt was made to concentrate PVs as well as to desalt by means of the diafiltration technique. Primary experiments were devoted to optimise the ultrafiltration performance as function of parameters such as the effects of pH, feed concentration and transmembrane pressure on permeate flux with the 10‐kDa molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) polyethersulfone membrane at laboratory scale. Higher permeate flux values were observed at low concentration and at alkaline pH, whatever transmembrane pressure studied. Then, desalting of PVs was carried out at 50 °C with 10‐ and 30‐kDa MWCO membranes. The results showed that desalting of PVs was obtained with both the 10‐ and 30‐kDa MWCO membranes and with a few loss of protein in the permeate side.     

Design parameters for an electrochemical cell with porous electrode to treat metal-ion solution

An electrochemical reactor was designed and operated to treat the solution containing copper ions. Design parameters for the electrochemical reactor using the porous cathode and RuO2/IrO2/Ti anode were investigated. The porous cathode was prepared by the electroless nickel deposition on polyurethane. The apparent current, the gap between cathode and anode, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were selected as design parameters. The copper removal rate increased with an increase in apparent current. It was not affected by the gap between the cathode and the anode. A reduction in hydraulic retention time stimulated the mass transfer toward the electrode and increased the cathodic current efficiency. Dimensional analysis was conducted to obtain the design equation for scale-up of the electrochemical reactor. The dependence of Sh on Re, Sc, and characteristic lengths, DC/A/L and DW/C/L, was described in the form of a power series. The coefficients were obtained from experimental data.     

岩体力学参数确定的GA-FLAC~(3D)位移反演方法

在矿产资源开采、采矿设计及施工、地下结构物稳定性预测等岩土工程领域中,初步的也是重要的研究课题之一是确定岩体力学参数。经过综合分析多种岩体力学性质反演法,提出了一种智能位移反演方法。首先,在工程经验和GSI体系的基础上选定待反演的岩体力学参数的数值范围,通过巷道现场位移量测获得拱顶下沉和水平收敛位移。然后,运用遗传算法(GA)与FLAC3D数值模拟软件相结合,进行位移反演,确定比较正确的岩体力学参数。根据上述方法采用VC++高级程序语言开发了将遗传算法与FLAC3D软件相结合的位移反演系统,以某铅锌矿体和上下盘岩体为例,进行了矿岩体力学参数反演。进行与其他反演法的对比分析,证明了该方法的正确性和实用性。     

Continuous-time optimal unbiased FIR filter for input-delayed systems

Most existing finite impulse response (FIR) filters are restricted to models without delays. This paper proposes an continuous-time optimal unbiased FIR filter for input-delayed systems (CTOUFFID). A new integral transformation relation was introduced to derive the FIR filter. By applying this relation, the CTOUFFID problem is represented as an optimal control problem with zero terminal state. The filter gain function is obtained by solving two coupled matrix differential equations using initial conditions. The paper also offers discussion on the horizon size and a few special cases. The main benefit of the proposed solution is that it provides the maximum likelihood estimate with no requirements for the initial values. Finally, an application with the $F$-404 turbofan engine model is presented to demonstrate the highly robust nature of the proposed FIR filer against incomplete noise information and unspecified model uncertainties.