Nitrogen fixation and productivity of winter annual legume cover crops in Upper Midwest organic cropping systems

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems - Legume cover crops can play a valuable role in maintaining and increasing soil quality and nitrogen availability, but are infrequently grown in the Upper...     

Label-Free Study of the Global Cell Behavior during Exposure to Environmental Radiofrequency Fields in the Presence or Absence of Pro-Apoptotic or Pro-Autophagic Treatments

It remains controversial whether exposure to environmental radiofrequency signals (RF) impacts cell status or response to cellular stress such as apoptosis or autophagy. We used two label-free techniques, cellular impedancemetry and Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM), to assess the overall cellular response during RF exposure alone, or during co-exposure to RF and chemical treatments known to induce either apoptosis or autophagy. Two human cell lines (SH-SY5Y and HCT116) and two cultures of primary rat cortex cells (astrocytes and co-culture of neurons and glial cells) were exposed to RF using an 1800 MHz carrier wave modulated with various environmental signals (GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications, 2G signal), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, 3G signal), LTE (Long-Term Evolution, 4G signal, and Wi-Fi) or unmodulated RF (continuous wave, CW). The specific absorption rates (S.A.R.) used were 1.5 and 6 W/kg during DHM experiments and ranged from 5 to 24 W/kg during the recording of cellular impedance. Cells were continuously exposed for three to five consecutive days while the temporal phenotypic signature of cells behavior was recorded at constant temperature. Statistical analysis of the results does not indicate that RF-EMF exposure impacted the global behavior of healthy, apoptotic, or autophagic cells, even at S.A.R. levels higher than the guidelines, provided that the temperature was kept constant.     

Studies on curcumin and curcuminoids XXI. Variation in the content of curcuminoids in Curcuma longa L. and Curcuma aromatica Salisb. from India during one season

Summary Three varieties ofCurcuma longa andC. aromatica were investigated during a growth period of 17 weeks with respect to the content of curcuminoids in the bulbs and fingers. A decrease in pigment production as a function of maturity of the rhizomes was observed. The total content of curcuminoids was equal inC. longa andC. aromatica, but with a slight difference in distribution between the fingers and bulbs in the two species. Taking the biomass into account, the fingers will be more beneficial for the isolation of curcuminoids than the respective bulbs.

---

Studien über Curcumin und Curcuminoide XXI. Unterschiede des Gehaltes an Curcuminoiden bei Curcuma longa L. und Curcuma aromatica Salisb. aus Indien während einer Saison

Zusammenfassung Drei Typen vonCurcuma longa undC. aromatica wurden während einer Wachstumsperiode von 17 Wochen auf ihren Curcuminoidgehalt in den Knollen und im Wurzelstock untersucht. Eine Abnahme der Pigmentproduktion in Abhängigkeit von dem Entwicklungsstadium der Rhizome wurde festgestellt. Der Gesamtgehalt an Curcuminoiden beiC. longa undC. aromatica war der gleiche, doch bestand ein geringer Unterschied in der Verteilung dieser zwischen Knolle und Wurzelstock bei den beiden Spezies. Bei Betrachtung der Biomasse ist der Wurzelstock für die Isolation von Curcuminoiden besser geeignet als die Knollen.

     

生态建造：教育套餐和环境手册

生态建造是一个关注于传播建成环境中可持续性的需要以及促成可持续性的方式的项目。它针对于两个群体：16-19岁的学生，为他们制作了一个交互式的光盘；建造行业中的专业人员。光盘中提出了这样的问题--你的家和学校有多绿色？它说明了类似于建筑尺度和朝向的设计决策如何影响到建筑在能耗方面的表现和CO2的排放量。光盘包括了衡量如往宅温室节能效果的术语表，来解释它们对建筑的影响。这样学生们就可以对他们自己的学校和家进行评估，并提出怎样的设计可以提高它们的节能效果。如果我们想全球化地实现可持续性的未来，下一代的介入至关重要。环境手册中更深入地研究了这些问题，并关注到了其他建筑类型，如办公建筑。本文描述了正趋于完成的教育光盘和环境手册中涉及的一些根本的环境和教育因素。     

蛋白质组学面临的新问题

蛋白质组学领域仅仅经历了十年的发展历程。虽然它还有许多棘手的问题尚待解决，但是研究人员坚信蛋白质组学能够发现新的药靶和生物标记物，从而可以改进诊断和治疗过程。本文选择此领域内几家瑞士公司的工作进行评述。     

Contribution to DEMO reactor RH maintenance assessment

The scope of this paper is a preliminary assessment of the maintenance scheme in support of the European study for the next generation of fusion reactor: DEMO. Despite other fusion machine requiring remote handling maintenance operations, DEMO is supposed to work under steady state operational conditions. Therefore, requirement on the maintenance scheme is stronger. To target a good availability of the machine along machine operation plan, it is necessary to draw an adequate maintenance scheme. Indeed, due to the high fluxes generated by the plasma in the vacuum vessel, the first wall lifetime is limited, so the frequent replacement is necessary. On current fusion experimental machine, as first wall load conditions are less severe, DEMO condition implies high level of requirement on maintenance time. During DEMO lifetime, several full first wall replacements are expected. To provide access to the vacuum vessel machine for first wall removal, preparatory work is required to set the machine to adequate maintenance conditions and to open the machine properly, the same situation at the end of the maintenance period. Shutdown duration for first wall replacement should be as short as possible to reach the availability target of the machine. From this statement, the maintenance duration should not exceed 20% of the total lifetime of the reactor operation. First wall segmentation (i.e. total number of component to replace) has a high impact onto the replacement time. Considering the number of feasible designs for the first wall segmentation, we concentrate remote handling concept assessments one type of segmentation, the one minimizing the numbers of modules to replace [4], [5], [6]. Assumption on Divertor segmentation for these DEMO studies have similarities with Divertor ITER design; therefore ITER design output is relevant [1], [2]. We assume divertor removal performed in shadow time, while removing the other first wall modules.     

Passive Treatment of Circumneutral Mine Drainage from the St. Louis Mine Tunnel,Rico, CO: Part 1—Case Study: Characteristics of the Mine Drainage

This publication is a case study of the seasonal variability of mine water drainage from the Saint Louis Tunnel (SLT) at the inactive Rico-Argentine mine site located in southwestern Colorado. It is an introductory paper for the two passive water treatment system technology evaluations contained in this issue. Mine water chemistry changes from baseflow to a snowmelt runoff event (SMRE) where snowmelt runoff follows preferential migration pathways to flush acidic weathering products from the upper mine workings to the SLT. Baseflow mine drainage is characterized as circumneutral, with Zn, Cd, Mn, and Ni concentrations primarily in the dissolved form. Dissolved Zn, Mn, Fe, and potentially Cd illustrate equilibrium with carbonate minerals. Total concentrations of Fe, Cu, Pb, and As are primarily in the suspended form and suggest sorption to Fe oxides. Mine water chemistry during the SMRE reflects mixing of circumneutral baseflow waters with more acidic waters flushing the upper mine workings. Geothermal activity provides for a consistently warm mine water discharge from the SLT. The two seasons that provide the most challenge to passive water treatment of SLT mine drainage are the SMRE period and the low flow stage of the Dolores River. Mine water flow and chemistry during SMRE are highly correlated with Dolores River flow and this site conceptual model was and will be used to assist in pilot project evaluation, water treatment system design, monitoring system design, a seasonal compliance approach, and water management.