Fabrication of cast carbon steel with ultrafine TiC particles

The carbon steels dispersed with ultrafine TiC particles were fabricated by conventional casting method. The casting process is more economical than other available routes for metal matrix composite production, and the large sized components to be fabricated in short processing time. However, it is extremely difficult to obtain uniform dispersion of ultrafine ceramic particles in liquid metals due to the poor wettability and the specific gravity difference between the ceramic particle and metal matrix. In order to solve these problems, the mechanical milling (MM) and surface-active processes were introduced. As a result, Cu coated ultrafine TiC powders made by MM process using high energy ball milling machine were mixed with Sn powders as a surfactant to get better wettability by lowering the surface tension of carbon steel melt. The microstructural investigations by OM show that ultrafine TiC particles are distributed uniformly in carbon steel matrix. The grain sizes of the cast matrix with ultrafine TiC particles are much smaller than those without ultrafine TiC particles. This is probably due to the fact that TiC particles act as nucleation sites during solidification. The wear resistance of cast carbon steel composites added with MMed TiC/Cu-Sn powders is improved due to grain size refinement.     

旋转浓缩-蓄热氧化法处理涂装废气的中试研究

用旋转浓缩-蓄热氧化(RC-RTO)系统对某车轮厂涂装废气进行了中试处理研究,以废气处理前后总挥发性有机物(T-VOCs)浓度及苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、邻二甲苯浓度的变化为指标,考察了RC转速对吸附性能、RTO氧化效果的影响.结果表明,RC转速对吸附效果及进入RTO单元浓缩气体中VOCs浓度有较大的影响,RC转速过高或过低均不利于系统稳定高效的运行.系统在RC转速为3r/h的条件下连续运行1个月,期间系统不需外加能源即可维持热量平衡,且RC单元及RTO单元排气中5种VOC物质浓度均远低于国家规定的排放标准(GB16297-1996).     

ANGIOTENSIN I-CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE) INHIBITORY PEPTIDES FROM WHEY FERMENTED BY LACTOBACILLUS SPECIES

From 2% (w/w) whey powder in growth media, inhibitory peptides against angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) were studied with nine Lactobacillus species. Lb. brevis, Lb. helveticus and Lb. paracasei were proved to be the most effective strains in liberating ACE inhibitory peptides from whey protein. The inhibition rates of these peptides against ACE ranging from 93.3 to 100%. Several distinct peaks were eluted when the whey proteins were fractionated on a Delta Pak C₁₈ column by reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Among ACE inhibitory activities of 14 peptides purified by dialysis and by fractionation using RP-HPLC, two peptide fractions (H5 and H7) of Lb. helveticus showing IC₅₀ values of 5.3 and 7.8 were the most potent ACE inhibitors.
All of these peptides including some other peptides (H1 and B1), having strong inhibitory activities against ACE were pentapeptides positioning with Ala at their N-terminal and these petapeptides had mostly hydrophobic (Pro, Val and Leu) or aromatic (Phe) amino acids at the C-terminal.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

There is a significant amount of research and interest in developing and charactering the peptides that inhibit angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity as these natural products may have a role in blood pressure control in man. This study revealed that the identification of peptides, mostly composed of pentapeptides following fermentation of whey protein in growth medium with different strains have the ACE inhibitory activities. These peptides may have antihypertensive effect as natural and safe nutraceutical/functional ingredients, though the exact potency of the pentapeptides isolated in this experiment has not been determined.     

A Modification of the Coates Gain Formula for the Analysis of Linear Systems

In this paper, the Coates flow-graph gain formula is modified by the introduction of the loop-set and the two-loop-set, baaed on the concepts of the tree and the two-tree in network topology. The analogy is evident by observing that the two-trees T _ij of a given graph G can be obtained by coalescing vertices i and j of G and thon removing the self-loops. In a similar manner, the two-loop-sets can be obtained from the flow graph by first modifying the graph and then obtaining the loop-sets of tho modified graph. Because of such modification, the derivation of tho gain formula is considerably simplified. Consequently, the evaluation of the terms in the formula becomes easier. Finally, a simple method of determining the number of terms in the formula is derived as a check against possible omission of terms due to carelessness.     

Optimal control of economic growth with application to Korean economy

This paper is concerned with the application of optimal control theory to the dual growth of the Korean economy. A closed two sector economic growth model is formulated by dividing the economy into agriculture and non-agriculture in order to represent the transitional phenomena between the two sectors. Taking capital and saving as state and control variables, respectively, the model governing the economic growth becomes a non-linear simultaneous differential equations with coupling terms of state and control variables. Assuming the Cobb-Douglas production function and the exponential form of the social welfare function, the necessary and sufficient conditions of the optimal control have been derived for the case of finite planning horizon by using the Pontryagin's maximum principle. Since deriving the optimal trajectories of state and control variables analytically is impossible, a numerical procedure based on the variation of extremals is used to obtain the optimal paths of the aggregate investment and consumption of the Korean economy.     

Effect of pulse time on surface characteristics and corrosion resistance during pulse electrochemical polishing

Pulse electrochemical polishing (PECP) was used to improve the mechanical properties,such as surface roughness and corrosion resistance,of conductive metallic materials.PECP can provide a smooth,bright,reflective,and deburred surface that exhibits superior corrosion resistance.In this work,stainless steel was used as the anode,and copper was used as the cathode due to their low electrical resistances.The surface roughness of the PECP sample was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM).A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe surface characteristics,and an Auger electron spectroscope (AES) was used to analyze the metallurgical composition and thickness of the passive film.The aim of this research was to compare the corrosion resistance rates of the unprocessed and PECP-processed stainless steel.     

Optimal number of minor failures before replacement

This paper extends a replacement model based on failure number to include a repair-cost limit for general failure distributions. The stochastic behaviour of failures and repair costs are modelled by a non-homogeneous Poisson process. An efficient marginal analysis algorithm is presented for finding the optimal failure number for replacement that minimizes the average cost rate.     

Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-xCe-0.5Zn alloys by nano-indentation

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-xCe-0.5Zn(x=0.5,1.5,2.5,molar fraction,%) alloys were examined using a nano-indentation technique.The alloys were fabricated using a vacuum induction melting method under an argon atmosphere. The microstructures of Mg-xCe-0.5Zn alloys mainly consist ofα-Mg and eutectic Mg12Ce phase.The volume fraction and size of the eutectic Mg12Ce phase increase with increasing Ce contents.Nano-indentation test results show that the indentation hardness and elastic modulus of the eutectic Mg12Ce phase are higher than those of theα-Mg matrix.In addition,the mean indentation hardness and elastic modulus of the Mg-xCe-0.5Zn alloys increase with the Ce addition amount increasing.     

从日、韩低碳型生态城市探讨相关生态城规划实践

随着全球对气候变化和生态环境的重视,最近国内外的城市发展政策都将焦点集中到低碳生态城市的规划建设上.于是,实现现有城市发展模式向低碳生态城市空间结构的转变就成为城市领域共同探讨的新课题.目前,我国正在积极与新加坡和欧洲国家共同对生态城规划建设进行实践研究,在此背景下,首先对生态规划建设起步较早的日本和韩国的典型低碳型生态城市进行案例分析,然后利用归纳总结的规划要素构想出适合低碳生态城市建设的紧凑型城市空间结构,最后针对中新天津生态城与日本和韩国的低碳生态城市比较分析中得出的问题提出相应的改善建议.