Molar enthalpy of vaporization of ethanol-gasoline mixtures and their colloid state

Vapour pressure measurements are used to evaluate the enthalpy of vaporization of ethanol-gasoline mixtures. Partial molar values are also derived. The dispersed structure of ethanol-gasoline fuel is studied for the first time using the method of correlation spectroscopy of scattered light. A large range of dispersed particle sizes in different alcohol-gasoline systems is found. The dependence of the mean radius of drops on ethanol content is determined. It is found that coalescence phenomenon occurs in the systems when extra ethanol is added.     

A phase-locked loop system for 7–18 and 37.5–78-GHz commercial microwave generators

A phase-locked loop system for widespread Γ4–84, Γ4–111, Γ4–141, and Γ4–142 microwave generators, whose operating ranges cover a frequency range of 7–78 GHz, is described. The phase-locked loop uses a rubidium frequency standard.     

Compatibility of Structural Materials with Sodium According to Data from the Experience Gained in 40 Years of Operation of the BR-5/BR-10 Reactor

The results of investigations of the corrosion characteristics of samples of structural materials cut from the main sodium loops of a BR-5/BR-10 sodium-cooled research reactor during operation over the period 1959–1999 are presented. Analysis of the results of the materials-engineering investigations show that the sodium coolant has good corrosion characteristics and that the operating lifetime of sodium equipment in commercial fast reactors can be increased to 60 yr and longer.     

Laser-induced breakdown method for code detection (identification) in explosion products of coded explosives

The results of a study on the development of a method for coding explosives are presented. As coding additives (CAs), it is proposed to use aluminum alloy powders with dosed amounts of rare-earth coding elements (CEs). This choice is dictated by the fact that aluminum alloys are commonly used as efficient additives in explosive compositions, while rare-earth elements are used as additives in technological operations, but are absent in the composition of standard explosives. In this case, the key to information on a given explosive and its manufacturer is the ratio of CE concentrations determined when analyzing explosives, e.g., when investigating an act of terrorism. Examples of explosion product decoding using a LIES laser-spark express analyzer.     

European Minor Constituent Radiometer: A New Millimeter Wave Receiver for Atmospheric Research

EMCOR is a heterodyne receiver for the frequency range of 201 to 210 GHz. It has been designed for ground-based measurements of various minor constituents of the stratosphere involved in ozone chemistry. Since the aim was the detection of faint spectral lines, a superconducting tunnel junction has been chosen as mixer element and special care has been taken in developing the calibration unit of the system. The front-end is completed by a quasi-optical system, a solid state local oscillator with electronic tuning and a HEMT pre-amplifier. In the back-end an acousto-optical spectrometer is employed to analyse the signal. A PC controls the whole system. The instrument has been installed at a high mountain site in the Swiss Alps.