Constructive linear-time temporal logic: Proof systems and Kripke semantics

In this paper we study a version of constructive linear-time temporal logic (LTL) with the “next” temporal operator. The logic is originally due to Davies, who has shown that the proof system of the logic corresponds to a type system for binding-time analysis via the Curry-Howard isomorphism. However, he did not investigate the logic itself in detail; he has proved only that the logic augmented with negation and classical reasoning is equivalent to (the “next” fragment of) the standard formulation of classical linear-time temporal logic. We give natural deduction, sequent calculus and Hilbert-style proof systems for constructive LTL with conjunction, disjunction and falsehood, and show that the sequent calculus enjoys cut elimination. Moreover, we also consider Kripke semantics and prove soundness and completeness. One distinguishing feature of this logic is that distributivity of the “next” operator over disjunction “?(A∨B)⊃?A∨?B” is rejected in view of a type-theoretic interpretation.     

Single-shot beam-position monitor for x-ray free electron laser

We have developed an x-ray beam-position monitor for detecting the radiation properties of an x-ray free electron laser (FEL). It is composed of four PIN photodiodes that detect backscattered x-rays from a semitransparent diamond film placed in the beam path. The signal intensities from the photodiodes are used to compute the beam intensity and position. A proof-of-principle experiment at a synchrotron light source revealed that the error in the beam position is reduced to below 7 μm by using a nanocrystal diamond film prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Owing to high dose tolerance and transparency of the diamond film, the monitor is suitable for routine diagnostics of extremely intense x-ray pulses from the FEL.     

Gigacycle fatigue data sheets for advanced engineering materials

Gigacycle fatigue data sheets have been published since 1997 by the National Institute for Materials Science. They cover several areas such as high-cycle-number fatigue for high-strength steels and titanium alloys, the fatigue of welded joints, and high-temperature fatigue for advanced ferritic heat-resistant steels. Some unique testing machines are used to run the tests up to an extremely high number of cycles such as 10¹⁰ cycles. A characteristic of gigacycle fatigue failure is that it is initiated inside smooth specimens; the fatigue strength decreases with increasing cycle number and the fatigue limit disappears, although ordinary fatigue failure initiates from the surface of a smooth specimen and a fatigue limit appears. For welded joints, fatigue failure initiates from the notch root of the weld, because a large amount of stress is concentrated at the weld toe. The fatigue strength of welded joints has been obtained for up to 10⁸ cycles, which is an extremely high number of cycles for large welded joints. The project of producing gigacycle fatigue data sheets is still continuing and will take a few more years to complete.     

日本建材及相关产业政策动向——在首届中日建材及相关产业交流研讨会上的发言

日本经济目前正值好转的关键时期,美国及亚洲经济的好转推动了以民间需求为主导的持续型经济增长。企业收益得到改善,利润增长回升趋势稳定。一、建材及住宅设备产品的贸易动向虽然建材及住宅设备产业本来是当地生产、当地消费型产业,但自20世纪90年代中国实行改革开放政策以来     

INHIBITORY EFFECT OF FULLERENE DERIVATIVES ON GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE

Fullerene derivatives which have carboxylic acid moiety effectively inhibited glutathione reductase activity. Preincubation of the reductase and fullerene derivative at 37°C enhanced the inhibition activity.     

Bacterial growth monitoring in a microfluidic device by confocal reflection microscopy

The feasibility of a method to nondestructively measure planktonic bacterial growth in a microfluidic device was addressed. Here, we report that the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a microfluidic device could be measured by a three-dimensional image analysis technique based on confocal reflection microscopy in a time-course.     

β-FeSi2 growth on Cu-mediated Si substrate and enhancement of photoluminescence

We have investigated the growth of β-FeSi₂ on Cu-mediated (100) Si substrates and photoluminescence (PL) behavior. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations revealed that the mediated surface became amorphous-like Si layers due to Cu atomic diffusion from the surface to the inside of Si and recrystallized during β-FeSi₂ deposition, and that the recrystallization may contribute to the improvement of crystallinity of β-FeSi₂ and the hetero-interface. We have observed pronounced enhancement of PL intensity from β-FeSi₂ grown on the Cu-mediated Si substrate. This implies that non-radiative recombination centers may be decreased by the improvement of hetero-interface.     

Production of a Novel Proanthocyanidin-free Barley Line With High Quality

A proanthocyanidin-free (ant-free) barley with improved quality, Mokkei 92–130, was bred from the cross between Ant 13–347, an ant-free mutant and Haruna Nijo, a Japanese malting barley variety. The malting and brewing quality of the line are described in this paper, while its agronomic performance will be summarised elsewhere. Mokkei 92–130 achieved high levels in some malting quality character including hot water extract, diastatic power and apparent attenuation limit, which were significantly low in most of the ant-free lines and varieties previously reported. Cell wall degradation was also improved. Overall malting quality was found to be satisfactory in Mokkei 92–130. Pilot-scale brewing trials showed that Mokkei 92–130 had superior colloidal stability (less haze formed) in its final beer compared with the normal counterparts. Beer brewed with ant-free barley at a pilot-scale performed as well as the standard production in sensory evaluations soon after bottling, although it was rated poorer than the control after one month storage at ambient temperature.     

Cell culture in a closed nano-space

The minimum size of a closed nano-space in which cells can survive was determined using 4-nl nanowells. One or two cells could divide in the nanowell. Our results suggest that the cell division activity in the nano-space is determined by the conflict between intercellular effects and consumption of substrates.