Experimental Study of the Temperature Rise in the Frontal Layer of a Structured Porous Metal Catalyst in Air Conversion of Methane

Heat-resistant Ni/MgO block catalysts have been developed on porous nickel carriers for the air conversion of natural gas to synthesis gas. The catalysts were tested under normal pressure, which allowed one to select of a number of samples that demonstrate relatively the low temperature of the frontal layer of the catalytic block of 880–940°C at the inlet temperature of the mixture of 20°C and excess air factor of 0.3. The composition of the mixture at the outlet remained close to thermodynamic equilibrium at a volumetric flow rate of up to 49 000 h^–1. It was experimentally established that the temperature of the frontal layer decreases with increasing pressure (2–6 atm), an increase in the frontal layer temperature with an increasing coefficient of excess air (0.31–0.42) and the rate of the inlet mixture (0.30–0.74 m/s). This made it possible to obtain approximate estimates of the areas of exothermic and endothermic reaction stages taking into account external diffusion inhibition based on the analysis of the heat balance equation for the frontal layer of the catalyst.     

Synthesis gas generation on-board a vehicle: Development and results of testing

The present work is focused on the development of energy-efficient internal combustion engines with minimized CO, CO₂, CH and NO_x emissions. In frame of this concept, a method for hydrogen-rich gas generation onboard a vehicle and, in particular, its application as an additive to the engine fuel was suggested and tested experimentally. For practical realization of the method, the catalysts for hydrocarbon fuel reforming to synthesis gas were created, compact under-hood mounted synthesis gas generator was designed, and integrated ICE-synthesis gas generator control system was developed. The tests proved fuel economy in city cycle and considerable decrease of CO, CO₂, CH and NO_x emissions. The prospects of the technology for the development of energy-efficient environmentally benign engines are analyzed.     

Role of Bainitic Structure Martensitic-Austenitic Component in Pipe Steel Property Formation. 2. Austenite Deformation and Thermal Stability

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - Results of experimental and theoretical studies are used to extend understanding of thermal and deformation stability of untransformed austenite in the...     

Novel copper-based anodes for solid oxide fuel cells with samaria-doped ceria electrolyte

A novel copper-based anode for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells was prepared through the conventional ceramic technology and using CuO and SDC (Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9) powders with controlled particle size. The new Cu–SDC anode also contained highly dispersed CeO₂ and Ni particles to increase its surface area and fuel cell performance. The specific surface area of the Cu–SDC bare anode, CeO₂ and Ni-dispersed phases were estimated to be 1.53, 39.4 and 86.4 m² g⁻¹, respectively. Solid oxide fuel cells having the new anode were tested for both humid hydrogen and methane. Power densities of ca. 250 mW cm⁻² were achieved in H₂ at 600 °C and in CH₄ 700 °C, even if the SDC–electrolyte supporting membrane was 250-μm thick. Short term stability tests (maximum 64 h) showed an initial impairment, but not dramatic, of the new anode performance and the formation of carbon deposits. The addition of MoO_x to the new anode did not prevent the formation of carbon deposits.     

Thermal Analysis of The Stress–Strain State of Al2O3–TiC Ceramics Surface Layer with AlN and TiN Coatings

Refractories and Industrial Ceramics - Regularities of the influence of AlN and TiN coatings on the stress–strain state of the surface layer on Al2O3–TiC ceramics structural elements...     

Effect of Coal-Dust Fuel and Compensating Measures on Blast Furnace Charge Softening Zone Gas Permeability

Metallurgist - The effect of coal-dust fuel and the main compensating measures on the change in gas pressure drop in a blast furnace charge softening zone (Δpsz ) is estimated by calculation....     

Design of the Ceramic-Bladed End Milling Cutters with Regard for Their Stress-Strain State for the Innovation Technological Processes. Choice of Ceramics. Part 1

Refractories and Industrial Ceramics - We show the applicability of the method of designing ceramic tools based on the analysis of their stress-strain state in the choice of ceramics used for the...