Effects of molasses grass,Melinis minutiflora volatiles on the foraging behavior of the cereal stemborer parasitoid,Cotesia sesamiae

Olfactory responses of the cereal stemborer parasitoid Cotesia sesamiae to volatiles emitted by gramineous host and nonhost plants of the stemborers were studied in a Y-tube olfactometer. The host plants were maize (Zea mays) and sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor), while the nonhost plant was molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora). In single-choice tests, females of C. sesamiae chose volatiles from infested and uninfested host plants and molasses grass over volatiles from the control (soil). In dual-choice tests, the wasp preferred volatiles from infested host plants to those from uninfested host plants. There was no discrimination between molasses grass volatiles and those of uninfested maize, uninfested sorghum, or infested maize. The wasp preferred sorghum volatiles over maize. Combining uninfested maize or sorghum with molasses grass did not make volatiles from the combination more attractive as compared to only uninfested host plants. Infested maize alone was as attractive as when combined with molasses grass. Infested sorghum was preferred over its combination with molasses grass. Local growth conditions of the molasses grasses influenced attractiveness to the parasitoids. Volatiles from Thika molasses grass were attractive, while those from Mbita molasses grass were not. Growing the Thika molasses grass in Mbita rendered it unattractive and vice versa with the Mbita molasses grass. This is a case of the same genotype expressing different phenotypes due to environmental factors.     

粗车和粗铣用韧氮化硅

Valenite公司 ,现为山特维克集团刀具领域的一个子公司 ,最近推出了金属切削刀片抗震 Quantum Q6 0氮化硅—一种适用于铸铁的高速粗车和既粗铣又精铣的极韧的牌号。公司第一个氮化硅陶瓷牌号是二十多年前推出的 Quantum Q6。 Q8和 Q6 5是后来开发的牌号。为了保持最佳的粒度分布 ,新牌号 Q6 0采用微波烧结工艺。刀片切削速度较快 ,且切削深度深。依据切削深度 ,表面速度为 30 0至 12 0 0 m/ m in。精车时修光刃可应用于较平滑的表面。新 Top Cut Plus可转位钻削系统用 XMOT精密刀片表明公司之间的良好协作。非涂层刀片 THM牌号是与 …     

超细WC—10Co硬质合金的显微结构与机械性能

本文对超细WC-10wt％Co-X硬质合金的机械性能进行了研究：通过喷雾干燥，用舍AMT和硝酸钴溶液来制取超细原始粉末，再用机械一化学工艺，将原始粉末还原和碳化成WC／Co粉末：直径大约为100nm的WC粉末与粘结剂Co均匀地混合，在n-已烷和球料比为5：1的条件下湿磨24小时，过后再干燥24小时，并在Imtorr压力下和1375℃二的温度下进行烧结：为了比较超细硬质合金的显微结构与机械性能，将直径为0．57μm～4μm的WC粉末与Co粉末进行混合，随后在1mtorr压力下和1375℃二的温度下烧结：添加不同数量的TaC、Cr3C2、和VC晶粒长大抑制剂到WC-10wt％Co超细硬质合金中，发现烧结后超细硬质合金中的Co相在WC晶粒的边缘快速产生：Hall-Petch类型关系说明WC—10wt％Co硬质合金的硬度是随着WC晶粒度的下降而增加，而抗弯强度则取决于Co粘结相中的溶解度。     

Note: flowing ion population from a resonance cavity source

The experimental low energy plasma for hemispherical analyzers nominal testing thermal plasma facility of Dartmouth College uses a microwave plasma source which generates an ionosphere-like plasma through a two-step process. The plasma is initially generated inside a cylindrical, insulated, resonance cavity. This initial plasma must pass through a sheath in order to enter the main experimental region. This process imparts a significant flow velocity to the ions which has been neglected in previous analysis of this plasma source. We predict the flow energy of the ions to be between 12-15 eV depending on conservation laws and show agreement with experimental results.     

Admittance of rugate filters derived from a 2 × 2 inhomogeneous matrix

Admittance diagrams are used to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the behavior of inhomogeneous thin films with an arbitrary refractive-index function. From this study it follows that one can treat the behavior of rugate filters by using the concept of effective refractive indices, which are associated with the phase integral in a simple way. These results are applied to the study of periodic systems, and, as expected, one can consider high and low effective refractive indices to determine the important parameters of these stop bands. With these ideas it is possible that one can deal with rugate filters more closely as homogeneous periodic systems by taking advantage of the existing theory.     

Simple multichannel system for the measurement of the net water flux across biological tissues

This paper describes the development of a simple system for measurement of net water movement through biological membrane barriers. The system is based on the detection of a water meniscus inside a polyethylene tube, which reflects the water movement inside one hemichamber of a modified Ussing chamber containing a membrane barrier. The detection device consists of a commercial computer-controlled flat bed scanner and specifically developed software. This system allows one to perform a relatively high number of individual experiments per physical unit. It is a flexible and affordable device, which allows comparatively more information per unit to be obtained than previously described methods.     

Theoretical study on the static performance of piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composites with 2-2 connectivity

The static equilibrium conditions have been derived for piezoelectric-ceramic-polymer composite structures. Rigorous solutions are obtained for a 2-2 composite of lamellar configuration. Under a uniaxial stress or an electric field the strain profile becomes inhomogeneous due to different elastic stiffness of the two components (hard piezoelectric ceramics and soft polymer). The stress transfer between the two components is identified as due to an additional shear stress produced at the ceramic-polymer interface, and the amplification factor is defined for the enhancement of the response of the active piezoelectric ceramic resulting from this stress transfer. It is shown that this enhancement effect not only depends on the volume percentage of the active component but also on the aspect ratio of the two components.     

Implementation of high-resolution time-to-digital converter in 8-bit microcontrollers

This paper will demonstrate how a time-to-digital converter (TDC) with sub-nanosecond resolution can be implemented into an 8-bit microcontroller using so called "direct" methods. This means that a TDC is created using only five bidirectional digital input-output-pins of a microcontroller and a few passive components (two resistors, a capacitor, and a diode). We will demonstrate how a TDC for the range 1-10 μs is implemented with 0.17 ns resolution. This work will also show how to linearize the output by combining look-up tables and interpolation.