冻干PST脂质体的制备及物理稳定性的研究

用卵磷脂、十八胺、胆固醇为原料,用超声波乳化逆相蒸发制备PST脂质体,并在-65℃冷冻干燥形成固体。测定粒颗粒形态、Zeta电位DSC等,研究其物理稳定性,发现冻干样品性质稳定。     

Contribution of Protein Flexibility to the Foaming Properties of Casein

The effect of biopolymer flexibility on the foaming properties of casein was investigated. Flexibility was altered by: (1) chemical modification (covalent binding of a monosaccharide on the lysyl residues) or (2) pH change. Electron Spin Resonance was used to measure the reorientational frequency of casein residues labeled with nitroxide radicals. High levels of glycosylation induced increased protein flexibility and improved the foaming capacity. Good agreement was observed between higher values of flexibility and improved surface properties near the isoelectric point.     

精梳涤纶条含量对涤纶针织物性能的影响

为开发高品质涤纶针织物,设计了6组不同精梳涤纶条含量的纯涤纶纱和1组普梳涤纶纱,并制备相应的针织物。通过对针织物抗起毛起球性、顶破性、织物风格及透气透湿性进行测试,同时对比分析不同含量精梳涤纶条对织物服用性能的影响。结果表明:精梳涤纶条含量对织物的透湿性、透气性、起毛起球性、顶破性及织物风格有直接影响;相同组织结构下,精梳涤纶条含量在60%~70%时针织物的透湿性能、顶破性能及织物风格指标最优;精梳涤纶条含量在100%时针织物的透气性能和起毛起球性能最优;精梳涤纶条含量在60%~70%时织物服用性能与全精梳织物服用性能相比差异不大。在实际生产中,采用不同含量精梳涤纶条进行生产,既能满足高质量要求,又能节约成本,提高效率。     

INFLUENCE OF FLAVORING ON THE VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF STARCH GELS DURING GELATION AND LONG-TIME RETROGRADATION

The effect of three different aroma compounds on the texture of starch dispersions during gelation and retrogradation was studied. Oscillatory measurements were used to follow gelation and to check the structure of the starch dispersions after retrogradation up to 28 days. Rheological tests did not indicate any effect of the presence of any of the aroma compounds on the mechanism of gelation. During long‐time retrogradation, some added aroma compound did. We assume that this is a consequence of the ability of aroma compounds to form a complex or to show another type of interaction with starch molecules like entrapment in the amorphous regions of starch. Linalool is known to form complexes with amylase, but did not induce texture modifications, probably because, in our experiments, the added amount of this compound was too low. Isoamyl acetate, which according to literature interacts with amylopectin, exhibited a weak effect after 3 or 4 weeks, depending on the amount added. Octanal also increased gel stiffness after 3 weeks. This phenomenon is consistent with the observation that this aroma compound can form complexes with starch as demonstrated by X‐ray diffraction in this study.     

基于机器视觉的皮蛋斑点检测和最佳生产配方研究

以鲜鸭蛋为原料,采用浸泡法腌制皮蛋。基于机器视觉的方法,通过图像获取系统得到皮蛋表面斑点的整体颜色特征,采用计算机软件对皮蛋表面斑点进行量值化处理得出蛋壳亮度值,以考察金属添加剂种类和含量、NaOH含量、食盐含量等因素对皮蛋表面斑点形成的影响。采用正交试验方法,通过对试验结果的加权评分,得出上述影响因素对综合品质的影响程度顺序为：食盐含量＞NaOH含量＞金属盐含量;腌制时采用配比为NaOH 6g/100mL、食盐2g/100mL、氯化铜0.3g/100mL制作的皮蛋斑点少、颜色浅、感官品质较好。     

杨梅酮对高脂诱导的肥胖小鼠脂肪肝的预防作用

研究杨梅酮(Myricetin,MTN)对高脂诱导的肥胖小鼠脂肪肝的预防作用。32只C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分为4组:对照组(CT,饲喂正常日粮),对照+杨梅酮组(CT+MTN,饲喂含质量分数0.2%杨梅酮的正常日粮),高脂组(HF,饲喂高脂日粮),高脂+杨梅酮组(HF+MTN,饲喂含质量分数0.2%杨梅酮的高脂日粮)。10周后测定小鼠代谢差异(能量消耗、呼吸交换率、自主活动),血脂水平,肝脏氧化还原状态及脂质沉积情况,同时采用q PCR检测小鼠肝脏脂质代谢相关基因的表达。结果表明与对照组相比,长期高脂日粮导致小鼠体质量显著增加,内脏脂肪沉积,能量消耗显著降低(P0.05)。肝脏发生氧化应激,表现为MDA显著上升,GSH-Px、SOD、CAT、GSH显著下降(P0.05)。肝脏脂肪变性,肝脏甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)水平均显著高于对照组,脂质合成相关基因(Acc1、Fasn、Srebf1)显著上调,脂肪酸氧化相关基因(Cpt1α、Pparα)显著下调。高脂日粮基础上添加杨梅酮能够恢复肝脏TG、TC、FFA水平及肝脏脂质代谢相关基因(Acc1、Fasn、Srebf1、Cpt1α)的表达,同时维持肝脏的氧化还原状态。因此,推测杨梅酮可能通过维持肝脏氧化还原状态,促进能量消耗,调节肝脏脂质代谢,预防脂肪肝的发生。     

Finite Element Analysis of Ceramic Coatings under Spherical Indentation with Metallic Interlayer: Part Ⅰ Uncracked Coatings

Spherical indentation of ceramic coatings with metallic interlayer was performed by means of axisymmetric finite element analysis (FEA). Two typical ceramic coatings with relatively high and low elastic modulus deposited on aluminum alloy and carbon steel were considered. Various combinations of indenter radius-coating thickness ratios and interlayer thickness-coating thickness ratios were used in the modeling. The effects of the interlayer, the coating and the substrate on the indentation behavior, such as the radial stress distribution along the coating surface as well as the coating interface, and the plastic deformation zone evolution in the substrate were investigated in connection with the above mentioned ratios. The coating cracking dominant modes were also discussed within the context of the peak tensile stresses on the coating surface and on the coating interface.     

强脉冲离子束在金属中引起的应力波效应

金属在强脉冲离子束辐照及其后的快速冷却过程中所经历的应力过程是强脉冲离子束金属材料改性的最重要的机制之一。对应于这种过程，金属材料的微观结构和微硬度发生了改变。本文以45＃钢和纯铝为样品，将实验中测量到的不同强度的强脉冲辐照后样品微硬度和微观结构的变化与热力学计算所描述的热力学过程相对照，解释了出现微硬度双峰是由于应力波的形成和传播使然，并预言了由于应力波的在样品背面的反射，在较强能通量的强脉冲离子束辐照下样品背表面一定深度处也会出现微硬度增加的现象，该现象已被实验所证实。     

分形几何和动力系统中的一些问题

本文是Zhou与Feng,Nonlinearity,2004的续篇,对自相似集的结构和动力系统提出一些较为深入的问题。     

Structural and functional properties of full-length and truncated human proapolipoprotein AI expressed in escherichia coli

Utilizing the Escherichia coli/pGex vector expression system incorporating a thrombin cleavage site, full-length (residues -6-243) and truncated forms of proapolipoprotein AI (proapoAI), terminating at amino acid residues 222, 210, 150, and 135, were purified to levels of at least 5 mg/L, after thrombin cleavage. Assessed by circular dichroism, the helical contents of L-alpha-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine-associated forms of human plasma-derived apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) and recombinant proapoAI were comparable, being 69% and 65%, respectively. Circular dichroism measurements of the lipid-associated complexes of the truncated forms showed that between the sequence of residues 150-222 no additional helicity was gained until the carboxyl-terminal sequence was present in the molecule, indicating that the carboxyl terminus of the protein is required for the formation of helix within this central region. While tryptophan residues were more than 86% accessible, as assessed by iodide quenching, in the two truncated forms, proapoAI-6-135 and proapoAI-6-150, for both free and complexed protein, this figure fell to about 50% for full-length recombinant proapoAI, further indicating the influence of the carboxyl terminus on the structure of the whole protein. While cross-linking human plasma apoAI in solution with dithiobis-(succinimidyl propionate) revealed high molecular weight oligomers by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, recombinant proapoAI did not strongly form complexes larger than trimers. None of the truncated proapoAI molecules formed oligomers larger than trimers. The shortest form, proapoAI-6-135, only dimerized. Initial results from lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activation (apoAI peptide concentration 0.2 microM) indicated that truncation of the 21 carboxy-terminal amino acids resulted in a drop of approximately 53% in activation and 33 residues a drop of 67% relative to the full-length protein. Overall these results indicate the important influence of the carboxyl terminus on the structure of apoAI.