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221.
Mamiko Hori Cécile Pagnoux Jean-François Baumard Masayuki Nogami 《Journal of Materials Science》2007,42(1):80-86
A new method is proposed to produce gold nanoparticles (GNP) by in situ reduction of a gold salt dissolved in water. The reducing
agent used is Tiron instead of the citrate anion most often mentioned in literature. The influence of various parameters has
been investigated, such as the content of Tiron with respect to that of the precursor of gold HAuCl4, or the initial pH of the solution after mixing of reactants. It is shown that Tiron also exerts a positive influence as
a dispersant, which impedes agglomeration of gold nanoparticles. The typical average size of GNP synthesized in the present
work is close to 7 nm. 相似文献
222.
223.
In "Stationary distributions for the random waypoint mobility model" (TMC, Vol. 3, No, 1), Navidi and Camp find the stationary distribution of the random waypoint model, with or without pause on a rectangular area. In this short note, we show that, under the stationary regime, speed and location are independent. 相似文献
224.
Xiaomeng Shi Jian-Guo Ma Kiat Seng Yeo Manh Anh Do Erping Li 《Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, IEEE Transactions on》2005,13(9):1060-1071
This paper investigates the properties of the on-wafer interconnects built in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology for RF applications. A scalable equivalent circuit model is developed. The model parameters are extracted directly from the on-wafer measurements and formulated into empirical expressions. The expressions are in functions of the length and the width of the interconnects. The proposed model can be easily implemented into commercial RF circuit simulators. It provides a novel solution to include the frequency-variant characteristics into a circuit simulation. The silicon-verified accuracy is proved to be up to 25 GHz with an average error less than 2%. Additionally, equivalent circuit model for longer wires can be obtained by cascading smaller subsections together. The scalability of the propose model is demonstrated. 相似文献
225.
O Bernard B Chachuat A Hélias B Le Dantec B Sialve J-P Steyer L Lardon P Neveu S Lambert J Gallop M Dixon P Ratini A Quintabà S Frattesi J M Lema E Roca G Ruiz J Rodriguez A Franco P Vanrolleghem U Zaher D J W De Pauw K De Neve K Lievens D Dochaine O Schoefs H Fibrianto R Farina V Alcaraz Gonzalez V Gonzalez Alvarez P Lemaire J A Martinez F Esandi O Duclaud J F Lavigne 《Water science and technology》2005,52(1-2):457-464
The TELEMAC project brings new methodologies from the Information and Science Technologies field to the world of water treatment. TELEMAC offers an advanced remote management system which adapts to most of the anaerobic wastewater treatment plants that do not benefit from a local expert in wastewater treatment. The TELEMAC system takes advantage of new sensors to better monitor the process dynamics and to run automatic controllers that stabilise the treatment plant, meet the depollution requirements and provide a biogas quality suitable for cogeneration. If the automatic system detects a failure which cannot be solved automatically or locally by a technician, then an expert from the TELEMAC Control Centre is contacted via the internet and manages the problem. 相似文献
226.
Christian Ligoure Michel Cloitre Christille Le Chatelier Fabrice Monti 《Polymer》2005,46(17):6402-6410
A remarkable correlation exists between the degree of expansion of polyurethane foams and the structure of the reacting premixes. Polyurethane foams obtained from reacting premixes containing microemulsions are highly expanded. The expansion rate is proportional to the volume fraction of microemulsion in the premix. The stability of premixes with and without microemulsion is completely different suggesting distinct creaming mechanisms. We apply this idea to synthesize polyurethane foams from microemulsions successfully. This approach can be used to rationalize the design of polyurethane formulations leading to highly expanded foams. 相似文献
227.
228.
M. K. Bakhadyrkhanov O. É. Sattarov Kh. M. Iliev K. S. Ayupov Tuérdi Umaier 《Semiconductors》2005,39(7):789-791
It is experimentally ascertained that light stimulates the negative magnetoresistance observed in a high electric field in silicon doped with boron and manganese. The optimum conditions (the electric field, temperature, illumination, and resistivity of the material) for observation of the largest magnitude of negative magnetoresistance in (Si:B):Mn are determined. The dependence of the negative magnetoresistance on the concentration of compensating impurity is established. 相似文献
229.
In recent years, constructing a virtual backbone by nodes in a connected dominating set (CDS) has been proposed to improve the performance of ad hoc wireless networks. In general, a dominating set satisfies that every vertex in the graph is either in the set or adjacent to a vertex in the set. A CDS is a dominating set that also induces a connected sub‐graph. However, finding the minimum connected dominating set (MCDS) is a well‐known NP‐hard problem in graph theory. Approximation algorithms for MCDS have been proposed in the literature. Most of these algorithms suffer from a poor approximation ratio, and from high time complexity and message complexity. In this paper, we present a new distributed approximation algorithm that constructs a MCDS for wireless ad hoc networks based on a maximal independent set (MIS). Our algorithm, which is fully localized, has a constant approximation ratio, and O(n) time and O(n) message complexity. In this algorithm, each node only requires the knowledge of its one‐hop neighbours and there is only one shortest path connecting two dominators that are at most three hops away. We not only give theoretical performance analysis for our algorithm, but also conduct extensive simulation to compare our algorithm with other algorithms in the literature. Simulation results and theoretical analysis show that our algorithm has better efficiency and performance than others. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
230.
The stress intensity factors for a short crack partially penetrating an inclusion of arbitrary shape
Some approximate solutions for predicting the stress intensity factor of a short crack penetrating an inclusion of arbitrary
shape have been developed under mode I and mode II loading conditions. The derivation of the fundamental formula is based
on the transformation toughening theory. The transformation strains in the inclusion are induced by the crack-tip field and
remotely applied stresses, and approximately evaluated by the Eshelby equivalent inclusion theory. As validated by detailed
finite element (FE) analyses, the developed solutions have good accuracy for different inclusion shape and for a wide range
of modulus ratio between inclusion and matrix material. 相似文献