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51.
Virginie Boy Wajdi Ben Khalifa Lucie Drvillon Yves Leme Thomas Lendormi Jean‐Louis Lanoisell 《加拿大化工杂志》2021,99(1):120-134
An original drying process combining air impingement and intermittent drying was studied on apple slices and mango cubes. The influence of four operating parameters (air velocity, drying/tempering periods, upper height, and air temperature) on the drying time and on the drying rate was evaluated. Continuous and intermittent drying were compared. The intermittency α = 1/7 (τon = 10 seconds and τoff = 60 seconds) gave the best results. A time savings of 54% for apple and 67% for mango was reached. In continuous drying, a time savings of 4620 seconds was observed by increasing the air velocity from 6 to 40 m s?1 for apple. Air temperatures of 328 K for apple and of 328 K or 338 K for mango were determined as optimum to prevent case‐hardening. Experimental results were fitted with the analytical solution of Fick's second law and the modified Page equation (average values R2 = 0.985 and 0.961, for apple and mango, respectively). For both products, the apparent moisture diffusivity Dapp, the drying constant k, the drying coefficient n, and the activation energy Ea, were identified. Activation energies calculated from the analytical solution were 30.3 and 36.8 kJ mol?1 and were 25.4 and 30.0 kJ mol?1 using the modified Page equation for apple and mango, respectively. Mango has an increased temperature sensitivity and thus will need less energy for drying than apple. 相似文献
52.
Renaud Merlet Louis Winnubst Arian Nijmeijer Mohammad Amirilargani Ernst J. R. Sudhölter Louis C. P. M. de Smet Sara Salvador Cob Pieter Vandezande Matthieu Dorbec Soraya Sluijter Henk van Veen Yvonne VanDelft Ingrid Wienk Petrus Cuperus Subhalaxmi Behera Yusak Hartanto Ivo F. J. Vankelecom Patrick de Wit 《化学,工程师,技术》2021,93(9):1389-1395
Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) is gradually expanding from academic research to industrial implementation. The need for membranes with low and sharp molecular weight cutoffs that are able to operate under aggressive OSN conditions is increasing. However, the lack of comparable and uniform performance data frustrates the screening and membrane selection for processes. Here, a collaboration is presented between several academic and industrial partners analyzing the separation performance of 10 different membranes using three model process mixtures. Membrane materials range from classic polymeric and thin film composites (TFCs) to hybrid ceramic types. The model solutions were chosen to mimic cases relevant to today's industrial use: relatively low molar mass solutes (330–550 Da) in n-heptane, toluene, and anisole. 相似文献
53.
Michael P. Balogh Camille Y. Jones J.F. Herbst Louis G. Hector Jr. Matthew Kundrat 《Journal of Alloys and Compounds》2006,420(1-2):326-336
Half-Heusler compounds of Sn-doped TiCoSb “TiCoSnxSb1−x (x = 0.0, 0.01, and 0.05)” were prepared and their thermoelectric properties were measured above room temperature. From the EDX analysis, all the samples have three phases: the TiCoSnxSb1−x, Co-rich, and Ti-rich phases. The values of the thermoelectric power increase with Sn doping, and a positive thermoelectric power is obtained in the sample of TiCoSn0.05Sb0.95. The thermal conductivity decreases both with increasing temperature and with Sn content. The maximum value of ZT for p-type material is 0.030 at 988 K in the sample of TiCoSn0.05Sb0.95. 相似文献
54.
Mount Emily Gaultney Daniel Vrijsen Geert Adams Michael Baek So-Young Hudek Kai Isabella Louis Crain Stephen van Rynbach Andre Maunz Peter Kim Jungsang 《Quantum Information Processing》2016,15(12):5281-5298
Quantum Information Processing - Many of the challenges of scaling quantum computer hardware lie at the interface between the qubits and the classical control signals used to manipulate them.... 相似文献
55.
Validation of GOES and MODIS active fire detection products using ASTER and ETM+ data 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wilfrid Schroeder Elaine Prins Louis Giglio Ivan Csiszar Christopher Schmidt Jeffrey Morisette Douglas Morton 《Remote sensing of environment》2008,112(5):2711-2726
In this study we implemented a comprehensive analysis to validate the MODIS and GOES satellite active fire detection products (MOD14 and WFABBA, respectively) and characterize their major sources of omission and commission errors which have important implications for a large community of fire data users. Our analyses were primarily based on the use of 30 m resolution ASTER and ETM+ imagery as our validation data. We found that at the 50% true positive detection probability mark, WFABBA requires four times more active fire area than is necessary for MOD14 to achieve the same probability of detection, despite the 16× factor separating the nominal spatial resolutions of the two products. Approximately 75% and 95% of all fires sampled were omitted by the MOD14 and WFABBA instantaneous products, respectively; whereas an omission error of 38% was obtained for WFABBA when considering the 30-minute interval of the GOES data. Commission errors for MOD14 and WFABBA were found to be similar and highly dependent on the vegetation conditions of the areas imaged, with the larger commission errors (approximately 35%) estimated over regions of active deforestation. Nonetheless, the vast majority (> 80%) of the commission errors were indeed associated with recent burning activity where scars could be visually confirmed in the higher resolution data. Differences in thermal dynamics of vegetated and non-vegetated areas were found to produce a reduction of approximately 50% in the commission errors estimated towards the hours of maximum fire activity (i.e., early-afternoon hours) which coincided with the MODIS/Aqua overpass. Lastly, we demonstrate the potential use of temporal metrics applied to the mid-infrared bands of MODIS and GOES data to reduce the commission errors found with the validation analyses. 相似文献
56.
This paper addresses the design of clamped circular piezoceramic composite unimorph and bimorph configurations, specifically the conflicting requirements of maximum volume displacement for a prescribed bandwidth. An optimization problem is formulated that implements analytical solutions for unimorph and bimorph configurations using laminated plate theory, including the use of oppositely polarized piezoceramic patches. A range of actuator geometric parameters are studied, and bounds for volume displacement and natural frequency of optimal designs are determined and presented via design curves. In the selected design space, Pareto optimization results for unimorph and bimorph configurations show that optimal volume displacement is related to the bandwidth by a universal power law such that the product of the square of the natural frequency and the displaced volume, a “gain-bandwidth” product, is a constant. Characteristic trends are also described that are independent of the actuator radius for the Pareto optimal piezoceramic patch thickness and radius versus normalized bandwidth. The results are relevant, for example, in the design of zero-net mass-flux or synthetic jet actuators used in flow control applications. 相似文献
57.
Jan G. Wesseling Coen J. Ritsema Klaas Oostindie Cathelijne R. Stoof Louis W. Dekker 《Environmental Modelling & Software》2009,24(9):1127-1132
Most one-dimensional soil moisture flow simulation models have restricted applicability due to (amongst other things): i) insufficient user flexibility; ii) a lack of user friendliness; iii) dependency on scale, temporal and/or spatial, and iv) fixed boundary conditions. Therefore, we developed a simple and highly flexible software package to simulate, visualize and analyze 1-D moisture flow in soils: SoWaM (Soil Water Model). The package has a modular setup and consists of a range of tools to visualize, analyze and compare input data and results. Soil hydraulic properties for each specified soil layer can be defined by either Van Genuchten parameters or cubical splines. Since the model does not impose limits on element size or time interval, it is possible to perform simulations in very high detail, both spatially and temporally. Furthermore, four different criteria for irrigation scheduling have been implemented. The SoWaM package provides an accurate, simple and highly flexible tool to simulate soil moisture flow and to evaluate the effects of various factors on soil water movement, such as timing and amount of irrigation, soil hydraulic properties and soil layering. Results of a case study are presented to illustrate model performance. 相似文献
58.
With the maturity of sensing and pervasive computing techniques, extensive research is being carried out in using different sensing techniques for understanding human behaviour. An introduction to key modalities of pervasive sensing is presented. Behaviour modelling is then highlighted with a focus on probabilistic models. The survey discusses discriminative approaches as well as relevant work on behaviour pattern clustering and variability. The influence of interacting with people and objects in the environment is also discussed. Finally, challenges and new research opportunities are highlighted. 相似文献
59.
Glass GA Dymnikov AD Rout B Dias JF Houston LM LeBlanc J 《The Review of scientific instruments》2008,79(3):036102
A high energy focused ion beam microprobe using a doublet arrangement of short magnetic quadrupole lenses was used to focus 1-3 MeV protons to spot sizes of 1x1 microm2 and 1-4.5 MeV carbon and silicon ion beams to spot sizes of 1.5x1.5 microm2. The results presented clearly demonstrate that this simple doublet configuration can provide high energy microbeams for microanalysis and microfabrication applications. 相似文献
60.
Y. J. He A. J. A. Winnubst H. Verweij A. J. Burggraaf 《Journal of Materials Science》1994,29(24):6505-6512
Sinter forging experiments have been carried out on powder compacts of zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) Ceramics Alumina-15 wt% zirconia was prepared by a gel precipitation method and calcined at temperatures of 900 or 1100°C. Full densification of ZTA ceramics was obtained within 15 min at 1400°C and 40 MPa. A homogeneous microstructure can be observed with an alumina grain size of 0.7 m and a zirconia grain size of 0.2 m. Almost no textural evolution occurred in the microstructure. During sinter forging the densification behaviour of the compacts was improved by an effective shear strain, for which values of more than 100% could be obtained. As a result of the shear deformation the densification of ZTA in the alumina phase stage shifted to lower temperature. During pressureless sintering the to alumina transformation temperature was dependent of the preceding calcination temperature, while during sinter forging this phase transformation was independent of calcination temperature and took place at a lower temperature. 相似文献