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281.
Nabaweya A. Ibrahim Souad El-Gengaihi H. Motawe S. A. Riad 《European Food Research and Technology》2007,224(4):483-488
Five labdane diterpenoids, austroinulin, iso-austroinulin, sterebin E, sterebin E acetate, and sterebin A acetate, along with hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols, β-amyrin,
β-sitosterol and stigmasterol were isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of the methanol extract of Stevia rebaudiana leaves. Chlorogenic and caffeic acids were isolated from the EtOAc fraction. All the isolated compounds were identified using
spectral tools. The chloroform and methanol extracts proved significant anti-inflammatory effect and caused marked inhibition
of carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats. 相似文献
282.
Antonio J. Pérez-López José Manuel López-Nicolás Angel A. Carbonell-Barrachina 《European Food Research and Technology》2007,225(2):255-260
Consumers demand organic products because they believe that the organic products are more flavorful and respectful to the
environment and human health. The effects of organic farming on the minerals contents and aroma composition of Clemenules
mandarin juices were studied. Minerals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ca, Mg, K, and Na) were quantified using atomic absorption-emission
spectroscopy, while volatile compounds were extracted using the dynamic headspace technique and were identified and quantified
by GC–MS. In general, organic farming produced a mandarin juice with a higher quality than that produced by conventional agricultural
practices. Higher concentrations of both minerals and positive volatile compounds were found in the organic juice, while the
formation of off-flavors was higher in the conventional juice, although threshold values were not reached. 相似文献
283.
Marcela Brugnach Andrew Tagg Florian Keil Wim J. de Lange 《Water Resources Management》2007,21(7):1075-1090
The use of computer models offers a general and flexible framework that can help to deal with some of the complexities and
difficulties associated with the development of water management plans as prescribed by the Water Framework Directive. However,
despite the advantages modelling presents, the integration of information derived from models into policy is far away from
being trivial or the norm. Part of the difficulties of this integration is rooted in the lack of confidence policy makers
have on the incorporation of modelling information into policy formulation. In this paper we examine the reasons for this
apparent lack of confidence and explore how some tools, presently in use, address this problem. We conclude that public confidence
in models is highly dependent on the way uncertainties are addressed and suggest possible directions of action to improve
the current situation. Four real case studies illustrate how computer models have been used in The Netherlands for carrying
out management plans at regional and national scale. We suggest that the solution to integrate modelling information into
policy formulation lies on both the modelling and the policy-making communities. 相似文献
284.
285.
Optimal Locations of Groundwater Extractions in Coastal Aquifers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A regional water supply management model for coastal aquifers was developed. One of its outcomes is the definition of the
optimized locations for groundwater withdrawal. Such a tool permits the analysis of alternative plans for groundwater extraction
and the sustainable use of water resources in a coastal aquifer subject to saltwater intrusion. The principal components are
the evolutionary optimization and the analytical/numerical simulation models. The optimization technique looks for the best
well locations taking into consideration the economic results and the satisfaction of the societal water demand. However these
two concerns are conditioned by trying to control the saltwater intrusion, i.e., preserving the environmental equilibrium.
The simulation model uses the governing mathematical equations for groundwater movement to find the interface between freshwater
and saltwater. Because of the non-linearity in the system and the possibility of a jumping interface, a security distance
was defined. This is a controlling variable which can be set by the decision makers. The model was applied to a typical case
with interesting results. For example, diagrams showing the relationship between the location of the wells and the security
distance(s) are of importance to the managers. It was also crucial to have an understanding of the tradeoffs between groundwater
withdrawals, positions of the wells from the coast line, and the security distance. The model was also applied to a real case
in order to relate the extractions, distances and artificial recharge (not presented in this paper). 相似文献
286.
In this paper, we propose an approach that combines the unsupervised and supervised learning techniques for unconstrained
handwritten numeral recognition. This approach uses the Kohonen self-organizing neural network for data classification in
the first stage and the learning vector quantization (LVQ) model in the second stage to improve classification accuracy. The
combined architecture performs better than the Kohonen self-organizing map alone. In the proposed approach, the collection
of centroids at different phases of training plays a vital role in the performance of the recognition system. Four experiments
have been conducted and experimental results show that the collection of centroids in the middle of the training gives high
performance in terms of speed and accuracy. The systems developed also resolve the confusion between handwritten numerals. 相似文献
287.
Development of nano indium tin oxide (ITO) grains by alkaline hydrolysis of In(III) and Sn(IV) salts
Indium tin oxide (ITO) nano powders of different compositions (In: Sn = 90: 10, 70: 30 and 50: 50) were prepared by heat treatment
(300-450°C) of mixed hydroxides of In(III) and Sn(IV). The hydroxides were obtained by the reaction of aq. NH3 with mixed aq. solutions of In(NO3)3 and SnCl4. FTIR and TG/DTA studies revealed that powders existed as In(OH)3H2O—SnO3H2H2O in the solid state and then they transformed to In2O3—SnO2 via some metastable intermediates after 300°C. Cubic phase of In2O3 was identified by XRD for the oxides up to 30% of Sn. Particle size measurements of the solid dispersed in acetone and SEM
study for microstructure showed that the oxides were in the nano range (55-75 nm) whereas the size range determined from Debye-Scherrer
equation were 11–24 nm. 相似文献
288.
In this paper we develop and compare several heuristic methods for solving the general two-dimensional cutting stock problem.
We follow the Gilmore-Gomory column generation scheme in which at each iteration a new cutting pattern is obtained as the
solution of a subproblem on one stock sheet. For solving this subproblem, in addition to classical dynamic programming, we
have developed three heuristic procedures of increasing complexity, based on GRASP and Tabu Search techniques, producing solutions
differing in quality and in time requirements. In order to obtain integer solutions from the fractional solutions of the Gilmore-Gomory
process, we compare three rounding procedures, rounding up, truncated branch and bound and the solution of a residual problem.
We have coded and tested all the combinations of algorithms and rounding procedures. The computational results obtained on
a set of randomly generated test problems show their relative efficiency and allow the potential user to choose from among
them, according to the available computing time.
Rceived: January 9, 2001 / Accepted: December 10, 2001 相似文献
289.
In this letter, an integrated application of the prediction for radio wave propagation with the Geographic Information System (GIS) is presented and a real prediction system based on GIS is implemented. 相似文献
290.
Vicente Rodríguez Montequín Francisco Ortega Fernández Nicolás Abajo de Martínez Juan Antonio González Rodríguez 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2002,54(7):46-50
This research summary discusses the application of neural networks, evolutionary strategies, and other artificial intelligence
techniques in the modeling and optimization of the models used for temperature, rolling force, and torque calculation in heavy
plate milling. 相似文献