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31.
Less may not be more,but it still counts: The state of social capital in Yeoville,Johannesburg 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Kirsten Harrison 《Urban Forum》2002,13(1):67-84
32.
Yanqiu Shao Jiqing Han Ting Liu Yongzhen Zhao 《International Journal of Speech Technology》2007,10(1):45-55
In real speech, not like lexical words (LWs), prosodic words (PWs) are basic rhythmic units. The naturalness of a Text-to-Speech
(TTS) system is directly influenced by the segmentation of the PWs. Most of the PWs are the combination of several LWs. In
this paper, three Lexical Combination Models are proposed to combine LWs into PWs, including a Directed Acyclic Graph Model,
a Segmentation Model and a Markov Model (MM). To cope with the situation where some long LWs should be segmented into two
or more PWs, a Lexical Split Model (LSM) is applied to the long LWs. Experimental results prove that relatively constant results
with various training data can be obtained from a MM. The Transformation-Based Error Driven Learning (TBED) algorithm, for
its high performance of individual property, is applied in combination with the MM to improve the precision of PW segmentation.
Experiments show that among the three proposed models, the MM combined with TBED and LSM, leads to the best performance, in
which a precision of 93.00% and a recall of 93.23% are achieved. The perception test indicates that by using PWs as the lowest
prosodic units a speech sounds more natural and acceptable than by using LWs.
This paper is supported by NSFC Project (60503071); 973 Natural Basic Research Program of China (2004CB318102); Postdoctor
Science Foundation of P. R. China (20070420275). 相似文献
33.
In this paper we describe, from a theoretical point of view, critical configurations for the projective reconstruction of
a set of points, for a single view, i.e. for calibration of a camera, in the case of projections from ℙk to ℙ2 for k ≥ 4. We give first a general result describing these critical loci in ℙk, which, if irreducible, are algebraic varieties of dimension k−2 and degree 3. If k=4 they can be either a smooth ruled surface or a cone and if k = 5 they can be a smooth three dimensional variety, ruled in planes, or a cone. If k≥ 6, the variety is always a cone, the
vertex of which has dimension at least k − 6. The reducible cases are studied in Appendix A.
These results are then applied to determine explicitly the critical loci for the projections from ℙk which arise from the dynamic scenes in ℙ3 considered in [13].
Marina Bertolini is currently Associate Professor of Geometry at the Department of Mathematics at the Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
Her main field of research is Complex Projective Algebraic Geometry, with particular interest for the classification of projective
varieties and for the geometry of Grassmann varieties. On these topics M. Bertolini has published more than twenty reviewed
papers on national and international journals. She has been for some years now interested also in applications of Algebraic
Geometry to Computer Vision problems.
Cristina Turrini is Associate Professor of Geometry at the Department of Mathematics of Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy. Her main
research interest is Complex Projective Algebraic Geometry: subvarieties of Grassmannians, special varieties, automorphisms,
classification. In the last two years she has started to work on applications of Algebraic Geometry to problems of Computer
Vision. She is author or co-author of about thirty reviewed papers. She is also involved in popularization of Mathematics,
and on this subject she is co-editor of some books. 相似文献
34.
35.
Jon T. Carter Paul E. Krajewski Ravi Verma 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2008,60(11):77-81
The hot blow forming of magnesium sheet offers significant opportunity for forming complex, lightweight parts for automotive
applications. This paper characterizes the elevated-temperature formability of AZ31 magnesium sheet materials and the effect
of processing conditions on the performance of these materials. In addition, magnesium sheet application development at General
Motors Corporation is reviewed. 相似文献
36.
Toshihiko Hoshide Junpei Fujita 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2008,17(5):627-632
Strength of ground ceramics may be affected by residual stress as well as surface flaws induced by grinding. Strength prediction
for ground ceramics is convenient for mechanical design of ceramic components. In this article, a numerical procedure based
on fracture mechanics was proposed to estimate strength distribution of ground ceramics by considering grinding-induced residual
stress. Bending strength and residual stress of ground ceramics were measured for three grinding-conditions. By comparison
of simulated results with experimental ones, it was revealed that strength characteristics in experiments were well simulated
by using the proposed procedure. 相似文献
37.
The physicochemical and functional properties of convection oven- and freeze-dried gluten meals of two corn varieties were evaluated. The physicochemical properties (water solubility index, water absorption index, Hunter color parameters, and bulk density) and functional properties (water absorption, oil absorption, least gelation concentration, protein solubility, and emulsification properties) of convection-oven and freeze-dried corn gluten meals were compared with each other and soy flour. Freeze-dried corn gluten meals was observed to have lower bulk density (0.244-0.263 kg/m3) and was lighter in color (high L and ΔE) compared to their counterpart convection oven-dried gluten meals. Freeze-dried gluten meals from both corn varieties showed significantly higher oil absorption, water absorption, pH, emulsification, and protein solubility compared to oven-dried corn gluten meals. The gluten meals from both corn varieties had lower water absorption and bulk density but higher oil absorption than soy flour, suggesting the hydrophobic nature of corn proteins. Corn gluten meals formed thin (pourable) emulsions compared to soy flour emulsions, which were thick salad dressing type. Freeze- and convection oven-dried corn gluten meals showed significantly lower protein solubility measured at different pH than soy flour. 相似文献
38.
Zirconium(IV) tungstoiodophosphate has been synthesized under a variety of conditions. The most chemically and thermally stable
sample is prepared by adding a mixture of aqueous solutions of 0·5 mol L−1 sodium tungstate, potassium iodate and 1 mol L−1 orthophosphoric acid to aqueous solution of 0·1 mol L−1 zirconium(IV) oxychloride. Its ion exchange capacity for Na+ and K+ was found to be 2·20 and 2·35 meq g−1 dry exchanger, respectively. The material has been characterized on the basis of chemical composition, pH titration, Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis. The effect on the exchange capacity of drying the exchanger
at different temperatures has been studied. The analytical importance of the material has been established by quantitative
separation of Pb2+ from other metal ions. 相似文献
39.
Jonathan P. Belnoue Giang D. Nguyen Alexander M. Korsunsky 《International Journal of Fracture》2007,144(1):53-60
This paper presents a new 1-D non-local damage-plasticity deformation model for ductile materials. It uses the thermodynamic
framework described in Houlsby and Puzrin (2000) and holds, nevertheless, some similarities with Lemaitre’s (1971) approach.
A 1D finite element (FE) model of a bar fixed at one end and loaded in tension at the other end is introduced. This simple
model demonstrates how the approach can be implemented within the finite element framework, and that it is capable of capturing
both the pre-peak hardening and post-peak softening (generally responsible for models instability) due to damage-induced stiffness
and strength reduction characteristic of ductile materials. It is also shown that the approach has further advantages of achieving
some degree of mesh independence, and of being able to capture deformation size effects. Finally, it is illustrated how the
model permits the calculation of essential work of rupture (EWR), i.e. the specific energy per unit cross-sectional area that
is needed to cause tensile failure of a specimen. 相似文献
40.
Yewang Su Baohua Ji Yonggang Huang Kehchih Hwang 《Journal of Materials Science》2007,42(21):8885-8893
Wet adhesion is widely adopted in biological adhesion systems in nature. Wet adhesion is studied in this paper with the focus
on the effect of different contact shapes (flat, concave, convex, and ring-like) on the adhesion force. The evolution of the
liquid bridge between a fiber tip and substrate during the detaching process shows two transition points. The first transition
from the radius-controlled to the contact-angle controlled process is critical to influence the strength and robustness of
adhesion. We show that a concave shape is more effective than a flat one, while a convex shape has no advantage. A ring-like
contact shape has advantages in a hydrophobic environment and on a rough surface. 相似文献