无芯胶管的研制、工艺现状和发展建议

20世纪60年代初,我国胶管领域自主开发创新研制了无芯胶管制造技术,并且形成定型技术,一直沿用至今,笔者参与、见证了该产品从试验到投产的全过程。本文对该产品的工艺进行了新旧对比,提出了今后发展的建议。     

Decolorization of reactive brilliant red X-3B by heterogeneous photo-Fenton reaction using an Fe–Ce bimetal catalyst

Decolorization of reactive brilliant red X-3B was studied by using an Fe–Ce oxide hydrate as the heterogeneous catalyst in the presence of H₂O₂ and UV. The decolorization rate was in the order of UV–Fe–Ce–H₂O₂ > UV–Fe³⁺–H₂O₂ > UV–H₂O₂ > UV–Fe–Ce ≥ Fe–Ce–H₂O₂ > Fe–Ce. Under the conditions of 34 mg l⁻¹ H₂O₂, 0.500 g l⁻¹ Fe–Ce, 36 W UV and pH 3.0, 100 mg l⁻¹ X-3B could be decolorized at efficiency of more than 99% within 30 min. The maximum dissolved Fe during the reaction was 1 mg l⁻¹. From the fact that the decolorization rate of the UV–Fe–Ce–H₂O₂ system was significantly higher than that of the UV–Fe³⁺–H₂O₂ system at Fe³⁺ = 1 mg l⁻¹, it is clear that the Fe–Ce functioned mainly as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst. UV–vis, its second derivative spectra, and ion chromatography (IC) were employed to investigate the degradation pathway. Fast degradation after adsorption of X-3B is the dominant mechanism in the heterogeneous catalytic oxidation system. The first degradation step is the breaking down of azo and CN bonds, resulting in the formation of the aniline- and phenol-like compounds. Then, the breaking down of the triazine structure occurred together with the transformation of naphthalene rings to multi-substituted benzene, and the cutting off of sulphonic groups from the naphthalene rings. The last step includes further decomposition of the aniline structure and partial mineralization of X-3B.     

Effect of solution properties on nanofibrous structure of electrospun poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)

Electrospinning of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) in chloroform or 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) was investigated, focusing on its solution parameters, to develop nonwoven biodegradable nanofibrous structures for tissue engineering. PLGA nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning of 15 wt % PLGA solution and the resulting average fiber diameters were varied with the range of 270–760 nm, depending on solution property. When small amounts of benzyl triethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) was added to the PLGA/chloroform solution, the average diameter was decreased from 760 to 450 nm and the fibers were densely amounted in a straight shape. In addition, the average fiber diameter (270 nm) of nanofibers electrospun from polar HFIP solvent was much smaller than that (760 nm) of nanofibers electrospun from nonpolar chloroform solvent. Therefore, it could be concluded that conductivity or dielectric constant of the PLGA solution was a major parameter affecting the morphology and diameter of the electrospun PLGA fibers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1214–1221, 2006     

用纯氧化铕模拟基体AES法测定氧化铥中的钬、饵、镱、镥和钇

用于发射光谱分析的氧化铥基体不但难于寻找,而且价格昂贵.本文用氧化铕模拟氧化标基体的办法,其测定结果与别的方法基本符合.为寻找代替氧化铥基体提供了一条途径.     

氯丁橡胶胶粘剂

1低温聚合、快速结晶型氯了用胶氯丁橡胶的结晶度与反式1，4含量有关，而反式1，4含量又是由乳液聚合温度决定的，聚合温度越低，反式1，4含量越高。为了得到快速结晶型氯丁橡胶，聚合必须在较低温度下进行，一般不高于15℃。快速结晶型氯丁橡胶广泛用于鞋底的粘接、层压板的粘合、汽车装饰，以及其它多种用途。主要从引发剂、调节剂等几个方面改进氯丁橡胶的性能：2＠基氯T橡胶。驻基氯丁胶是氯丁二烯和甲基丙烯酸的共聚物，是非结晶性，适用于室温硫化和耐热性用途。与快结晶型氯丁橡胶相比，由其配制的胶粘剂粘结强度形成更快，耐热性增…     

SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-MoO_3催化合成己二酸二丁酯

以固体超强酸SO2 -4/TiO2 MoO3 为催化剂 ,通过己二酸和正丁醇反应合成了己二酸二丁酯 ,并探讨了诸因素对产率的影响。正交实验结果表明 :SO2 -4/TiO2 MoO3 具有良好的催化活性 ,醇酸物质的量比为 6∶1,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的 3.3% ,反应时间 1.5h ,反应温度 10 6～ 10 9℃ ,酯收率可达 77.6 %。     

空压机组汽轮机排气压力、温度高原因分析及解决方法探讨

1概况 空压机汽轮机组是空分装置原料和动力的提供者,主要由空压机和工业汽轮机两部分组成.汽轮机为注入凝汽式汽轮机,型号NK-32/36/16-3,级数为1冲动级15反动级,功率9022kW,额定转速7270 r/min,主蒸汽压力6.9 Mpa,主蒸汽温度550℃,主蒸汽流量通常31.9t/h,最大36.8t/h,排汽压力通常0.015MPa,最大0.04MPa,排汽温度通常55℃,最大120℃.但由于多种原因,注汽一直未投,平常为全凝汽式运行.     

乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯的合成

用柠檬酸、正丁醇、乙酸酐为原料，经酯化和酰化两步反应合成乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯。考察了催化剂、原料配比、反应温度和反应时间等因素对合成反应的影响，确定了最佳反应条件。