Engineering of Polyanion Type Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Toward Higher Energy/Power Density

The development of high energy/power density sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) is still challenged by the high redox potential of Na/Na⁺ and large radius of Na⁺ ions, thus requiring extensive further improvement to, in particular, enhance the capacity and voltage of cathode materials. Among the various types of cathodes, the polyanion cathodes have emerged as the most pragmatic option due to their outstanding thermostability, unique inductive effect, and flexible structures. In this Review, a critical overview of the design principles and engineering strategies of polyanion cathodes that could have a pivotal role in developing high energy/power density SIBs are presented. Specifically, the engineering of polyanion cathode materials for higher voltage and specific capacity to increase energy density is discussed. The way in which morphology control, architectural design, and electrode processing have been developed to increase power density for SIBs is also analyzed. Finally, the remaining challenges and the future research direction of this field are presented.     

集中化、信息化、区域化--转型期移动网络运维的发展方向

随着3G时代的到来,移动网络将步入重大的转型期。本文通过对河北移动网络运维的实例分析说明,集中化是移动网络发展的要求,信息化支撑了集中化的实施,区域化是县区保证网络运维、支撑市场发展的有效途径。文中最后对集中化、信息化、区域化的运维发展趋势做了展望。     

基于压电力显微镜的铌酸锂电畴稳定性研究

研究了Z切700 nm厚的单晶铌酸锂(LiNbO₃)薄膜电畴的调控方法。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对单晶LiNbO₃薄膜的晶向和形貌进行了表征,并通过外加电场对单晶LiNbO₃薄膜电畴进行调控。研究结果表明,该LiNbO₃薄膜具有单一的(006)衍射峰,表面光滑、粗糙度低(均方根粗糙度小于1 nm)。通过外加电场和预设电畴图案对LiNbO₃电畴进行精准调控,并测试了电畴稳定性。测试结果显示,调控后的电畴在温度为25~150℃内处于稳定状态,且在30 d内保持稳定,未发生弛豫现象。该研究为LiNbO₃电畴工程器件的研发和应用提供了重要的技术支撑。     

角抽运优化及辐射平衡激光器增益介质设计

角抽运能够避免使用抽运光高透激光高反的双色镜,并且对于低掺杂浓度的激光晶体仍然具有可以接受的吸收效率,因此该抽运方案适合辐射平衡激光器(RBL)较为苛刻的抽运要求.为确保抽运光不会从增益介质的角边泄漏,对角抽运方案中的晶体宽度给出了进一步的优化公式.在992.8 nm抽运光波长下,针对用于辐射平衡激光器的掺杂原子数分数为5%的Yb:KGW激光晶体,利用光线追迹法分别对不使用和使用高温熔合技术的两种角抽运设计方案进行了数值模拟计算.根据抽运吸收效率和均匀性等设计要求,两种角抽运方案中最佳入射角度均为45°,最佳抽运全反射次数值均为1,但是使用高温熔合技术比不使用该技术会使抽运效率提高约20%.     

Low Voltage Class AB Output Stage for CMOS Op-Amps Using Multiple Input Floating Gate Transistors

A new class AB output stage for CMOS op-amps is proposed with simple and accurate quiescent current control using floating gate transistors. The proposed stage can be operated with a supply voltage close to a transistor's threshold voltage. Experimental results are provided showing a 15 MHz gain-bandwidth product when it is used as the second stage of an op-amp with 1.5 V supply voltage in a standard 0.8 m CMOS technology.     

C波段微波低相位噪声介质振荡源

介绍了微波低相位噪声介质振荡器的设计方法。就影响介质振荡器相位噪声的因素进行了讨论,从谐振回路有载Q值、有源器件、增益压缩量、电路模式等几个方面提出了降低相位噪声的方法,并给出了一个C波段微波低相噪振荡器的设计实例。测试结果表明:该振荡器工作频率3 900 MH z,输出功率大于10 dBm,相位噪声达到-102 dB c/H z@1 kH z;-128 dB c/H z@10 kH z。     

Measurement of Electron Mobility in Alq3 From Optical Modulation Measurements in Multilayer Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

The dynamic characteristics of multilayer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) determine the refresh rate in display applications, and are of great importance for practical organic displays. They also serve as an important tool in studying the transport mechanisms in organic conductors. Here, the modulation characteristics of several conventional small-molecule OLED structures [consisting of ITO/PEDOT:PSS(50 nm)/TPD(50 nm)/Alq₃(various)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(90 nm)] are measured and analyzed in terms of mobility in and thickness of the Alq ₃ layer. Their optical response was shown to be limited by electron transport across the Alq₃. Extracted electron mobilities were about 2-4times10^-6 cm²/Vmiddots (consistent with that reported in the literature) and near-identical values for mobility were obtained from devices of different thicknesses, suggesting that this method measures mobility independent of interface trap charging. This novel technique is a complement to large signal time of flight or delay time measurements (which can include interface and trap charging during the measurement) and can serve as a flexible method to study transport in actual devices     

开关电容梳状滤波器幅频特性的深入分析

分别从时域和频域对一种开关电容滤波器的特性进行了全面深入分析,首次给出了解析形式频谱函数和相应频率特性曲线,结果表明,电路特性依赖于参数τ=RC与开关切换时间T的比值α=τ/T。当电子开关的切换时间T相对较短(即α较大)时,该电路是一个梳齿幅度衰减型梳状滤波器,通带中心频率等于开关频率的奇数倍,开关频率的偶数倍则为其阻带频率。随着开关频率降低(T增,α减),电路过渡为幅频特性有起伏的低通滤波器。分析结论与实验结果很好地吻合。     

Electrochemically Tuned Properties for Electrolyte‐Free Carbon Nanotube Sheets

Injecting high electronic charge densities can profoundly change the optical, electrical, and magnetic properties of materials. Such charge injection in bulk materials has traditionally involved either dopant intercalation or the maintained use of a contacting electrolyte. Tunable electrochemical charge injection and charge retention, in which neither volumetric intercalation of ions nor maintained electrolyte contact is needed, are demonstrated for carbon nanotube sheets in the absence of an applied field. The tunability of electrical conductivity and electron field emission in the subsequent material is presented. Application of this material to supercapacitors may extend their charge‐storage times because they can retain charge after the removal of the electrolyte.     

一种新型GIS城市人口疏散仿真系统数据库

GIS技术是目前使用最广泛的构建城市仿真系统的技术,文章给出了一种基于GIS技术的城市人口疏散数据库的建立方法,对其转换机制和管理方案进行了介绍和分析,并设计了数据库.