我国低放废物热解焚烧技术的应用及改进

根据国际上焚烧技术发展趋势,针对我国放射性废物管理的特点,中国辐射防护研究院自主开发出多用途放射性废物热解焚烧技术,在国内应用近20年,建成3座焚烧设施。这些焚烧设施运行、处理了大量低放废物,具有净化效率高、减容效果好、核素控制好等特点,验证了热解焚烧系统的稳定性、可靠性与先进性。中国辐射防护研究院针对早期焚烧设施运行中出现的问题,不断进行完善与改进,降低了设备腐蚀问题;提高了系统运行的安全性、稳定性;减少了二次废物的产生量;并进一步提高了焚烧系统的自动化程度和对高塑料橡胶含量废物的兼容处理能力。经过这些技术改进,国内多用途放射性废物热解焚烧技术逐渐完善。     

电离辐射诱导EL-4淋巴瘤细胞G1期阻党政军及相关蛋白的表达

探讨X射线诱导EL－4细胞G1期阻滞及相关蛋白的表达。采用PI荧光标记 ,流式细胞术检测细胞周期的变化。用单克隆抗体免疫荧光标记,流式细胞术检测蛋白表达的变化。结果表明,2．0Gy和4.0Gy照射后12-72h,G1期EL－4细胞百分数显著高于假照射组（P＜0．05－p＜0.001).4.0Gy照射后EL-4细胞p53蛋白表达从照射后2h开始明显增高,持续至照射后24h(p＜0．05－p＜0．001）;p21蛋白表达在照射后2h开始明显增高,持续至照射后48h(p＜0.05-p＜0.001);GADD45蛋白表达在照射后2h开始明显增高,持续至照射后48h(p＜0．05－p＜－0．001）;MDM2蛋白表达在照射后4h开始明显增高,持续至照射后24h（p＜0.05-p＜0.01）。结果提示,中等剂量X射线照射可诱导EL－4细胞G1期阻滞。p53、p21和GADD45蛋白表达在电离辐射诱导EL－4细胞G1期阻滞中起重要作用。     

Maximization of heat transfer density from a vertical array of flat tubes in cross flow under fixed pressure drop using constructal design

The density of heat transfer rate from a vertical array of flat tubes in cross flow is maximized under fixed pressure drop using constructal design. With the constructal design, the tube arrangement is found such that the heat currents from the tubes to the coolant flow easily. The constraint in the present constructal design is the volume where the tubes are arranged inside it. The two degrees of freedom available inside the volume are the tube‐to‐tube spacing and the length of the flat part of the tubes (tube flatness). The tubes are heated with constant surface temperature. The equations of continuity, momentums, and energy for steady, two‐dimensional, and laminar forced convection are solved by means of a finite‐volume method. The ranges of the present study are Bejan number (dimensionless pressure drop) (10³ ≤ Be ≤ 10⁵) and tube flatness (dimensionless length of the tube flat part) (0 ≤ F ≤ 0.8). The coolant used is air with Prandtl number (Pr = 0.72). The results reveal that the maximum heat transfer density decreases when the tube flatness decreases at constant Bejan number. At constant tube flatness, the heat transfer density increases as the dimensionless pressure drop (Bejan number) increases. Also, the optimal tube‐to‐tube spacing is constant, irrespective of the tube flatness at constant Bejan number.     

Effect of Ni Addition on the Morphology and Microstructure of Both Conventional Cast and Melt-Spun of Al–Si–Fe–Nb (at wt%) Alloy

Metals and Materials International - In this project the morphology and microstructure of both conventional cast and melt spun of Al–20Si–9Fe–1.2Nb and...     

Water Oxidation Catalysts for Artificial Photosynthesis

Water oxidation is the primary reaction of both natural and artificial photosynthesis. Developing active and robust water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) is the key to constructing efficient artificial photosynthesis systems, but it is still facing enormous challenges in both fundamental and applied aspects. Here, the recent developments in molecular catalysts and heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts are reviewed with special emphasis on biomimetic catalysts and the integration of WOCs into artificial photosystems. The highly efficient artificial photosynthesis depends largely on active WOCs integrated into light harvesting materials via rational interface engineering based on in‐depth understanding of charge dynamics and the reaction mechanism.     

Heavy metal bioaccumulation by cultivated Agaricus bisporus from artificially enriched substrates

Cultivated Agaricus bisporus possess the ability to bioaccumulate seven heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn). The cultivated champignon mushroom A. bisporus was grown in soil composts of 16 different compositions. An edible mushroom, A. bisporus was also cultivated on humic compost artificially fortified with the seven heavy metals at five different concentrations (0.1 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 3.0 mg/kg, and 10.0 mg/kg) and on control substrate (0 mg/kg) on a dry weight basis. The method of measuring bioaccumulation was flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.     

Ultra-Low Pt Doping and Pt–Ni Pair Sites in Amorphous/Crystalline Interfacial Electrocatalyst Enable Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution

Noble metal doping can achieve an increase in mass activity (MA) without sacrificing catalysis efficiency and stability, so that alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance of the catalyst can be optimized to the maximum degree. However, its excessively large ionic radius makes it difficult to achieve either interstitial doping or substitutional doping under mild conditions. Herein, a hierarchical nanostructured electrocatalyst with enriched amorphous/crystalline interfaces for high-efficiency alkaline HER is reported, which is composed of amorphous/crystalline (Co, Ni)₁₁(HPO₃)₈(OH)₆ homogeneous hierarchical structure with an ultra-low doped Pt (Pt-a/c-NiHPi). Benefiting from the structural flexibility of the amorphous component, extremely low Pt (0.21 wt.%, totally 3.31 µg Pt on 1 cm⁻² NF) are stably doped on it via a simple two-phase hydrothermal method. The DFT calculations show that due to the strongly electron transfer between the crystalline/amorphous components at the interfaces, electrons finally concentrate toward Pt and Ni in the amorphous components, thus the electrocatalyst has near-optimal energy barriers and adsorption energy for H₂O^* and H^*. With the above benefits, the obtained catalyst exhibits an exceptionally high MA (39.1 mA µg⁻¹_Pt) at 70 mV, which is almost the highest level among the reported Pt-based electrocatalysts for alkaline HER.