Cytogenetic and Molecular Marker Analyses of a Novel Wheat–Psathyrostachys huashanica 7Ns Disomic Addition Line with Powdery Mildew Resistance

Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is a devastating disease that reduces wheat yield and quality worldwide. The exploration and utilization of new resistance genes from wild wheat relatives is the most effective strategy against this disease. Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng f. ex P. C. Kuo (2n = 2x = 14, NsNs) is an important tertiary gene donor with multiple valuable traits for wheat genetic improvement, especially disease resistance. In this study, we developed and identified a new wheat—P. huashanica disomic addition line, 18-1-5—derived from a cross between P. huashanica and common wheat lines Chinese Spring and CSph2b. Sequential genomic and multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses revealed that 18-1-5 harbored 21 pairs of wheat chromosomes plus a pair of alien Ns chromosomes. Non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization and molecular marker analyses further demonstrated that the alien chromosomes were derived from chromosome 7Ns of P. huashanica. The assessment of powdery mildew response revealed that line 18-1-5 was highly resistant at the adult stage to powdery mildew pathogens prevalent in China. The evaluation of agronomic traits indicated that 18-1-5 had a significantly reduced plant height and an increased kernel length compared with its wheat parents. Using genotyping-by-sequencing technology, we developed 118 PCR-based markers specifically for chromosome 7Ns of P. huashanica and found that 26 of these markers could be used to distinguish the genomes of P. huashanica and other wheat-related species. Line 18-1-5 can therefore serve as a promising bridging parent for wheat disease resistance breeding. These markers should be conducive for the rapid, precise detection of P. huashanica chromosomes and chromosomal segments carrying Pm resistance gene(s) during marker-assisted breeding and for the investigation of genetic differences and phylogenetic relationships among diverse Ns genomes and other closely related ones.     

数据驱动的航天器故障诊断研究现状及挑战

总结了基于数据驱动的故障诊断技术理论、方法及其在航天器上的应用现状,指出其面临的挑战并提出一种解决方案。将基于数据驱动的故障诊断方法按照技术发展顺序分为基于传统机器学习的方法、基于深度学习的方法以及基于迁移学习的方法。基于传统机器学习的方法需要大量的人工参与和丰富的专家经验,在小样本数据上有着优异的性能,但不适合处理大数据。在大数据背景下,重点介绍了卷积神经网络、循环神经网络、深度自编码器以及深度信念网络的基本概念以及原理,对其在航天器故障诊断领域的研究现状进行了阐述和总结。针对深度学习严重依赖于带标签数据这一问题,介绍了基于迁移学习的故障诊断技术,并提出适应航天器应用的场景,为数据驱动的故障诊断技术工程应用提供了一种方法和思路。     

濮城油田沙三中6-10油藏活性纳米粉体降压增注技术研究

濮城油田沙三中6-10油藏为低渗油藏,因注入水质差,造成对地层的伤害,注水压力不断上升。通过分析造成地层伤害的主要因素,为控制注水压力的上升,提出了活性纳米降压增注技术,并在室内进行了研究,从活性材料选择、表面修饰剂选择、分散介质选择以及纳米粉体水分散最佳浓度进行了室内筛选,指出了纳米酸化技术的可行性。在室内研究的基础上,在现场开展了10口井活性纳米技术的应用,取得了良好的效果。     

Highly Stretchable and Sensitive Flexible Strain Sensor Based on Fe NWs/Graphene/PEDOT:PSS with a Porous Structure

With the rapid development of wearable smart electronic products, high-performance wearable flexible strain sensors are urgently needed. In this paper, a flexible strain sensor device with Fe NWs/Graphene/PEDOT:PSS material added under a porous structure was designed and prepared. The effects of adding different sensing materials and a different number of dips with PEDOT:PSS on the device performance were investigated. The experiments show that the flexible strain sensor obtained by using Fe NWs, graphene, and PEDOT:PSS composite is dipped in polyurethane foam once and vacuum dried in turn with a local linearity of 98.8%, and the device was stable up to 3500 times at 80% strain. The high linearity and good stability are based on the three-dimensional network structure of polyurethane foam, combined with the excellent electrical conductivity of Fe NWs, the bridging and passivation effects of graphene, and the stabilization effect of PEDOT:PSS, which force the graphene-coated Fe NWs to adhere to the porous skeleton under the action of PEDOT:PSS to form a stable three-dimensional conductive network. Flexible strain sensor devices can be applied to smart robots and other fields and show broad application prospects in intelligent wearable devices.     

手工具的人性化设计研究

从人的因素出发,依据人机工程学对手工具的设计进行分析和研究,并从工业设计的角度提出如何从手工具材料、造型、色彩等方面作出改进,进一步优化手工具人性化设计.     

乌镇古镇滨水建筑外部空间研究

外部空间元素通过一定的组织手法有规律地形成了乌镇古镇的外部空间结构。使用建筑设计中的平面关系图和剖立面图来解析外部空间结构,从而清晰、明确体现这种外部空间结构,并总结出乌镇古镇外部空间的平面关系和剖立面关系的特点以及与西塘、南浔古镇的异同。     

磨机负荷检测系统无线数据采集装置的研制

针对球磨机振动信号采集及数据传输,研制了一套低功耗无线采集传输系统。通过对电路系统的降噪设计,提高了处理精度,使其完全满足数据采集的需要,解决了在线检测球磨机桶壁振动装置的连续使用问题。     

基于质谱分析的航天器工质原位检漏技术研究

航天器推进系统、热控系统、环控系统及流体回路系统有严格的泄漏指标要求,基于质谱分析的检漏方法存在本底信号干扰及重复性较差等难点,建立了工质原位检漏方法的理论模型,分析了质谱室直接进样与分流进样的特点,确定了分流进样的技术方案;通过试验,获得了大气环境取样条件下质谱室工作压力与本底信号的关系;同时,通过氦气、氪气、氙气等标准漏孔重复性试验获得了工质气体校准系数与本底信号的关系,并验证了系统检漏灵敏度满足航天器检漏要求。     

分布式多参数光纤传感技术研究进展

分布式光纤传感系统利用光纤既能传感又能传输信号的特性实现对光纤沿线振动、应变、温度等物理量的长距离连续测量,在周界安防、电网管道监控、大型结构健康监测等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。上述的实际应用中,事件或故障的发生通常表现为振动、应变以及温度等物理量的改变,振动的探测频响高低、应变探测的动态响应能力以及多参数的同时测量都会影响事件的定位或预警。因此,振动的宽频测量、应变的动态测量以及多参数测量,对事件定位和信息完整捕获起着至关重要的作用,能够推动分布式光纤传感的应用发展。本文介绍了近年来在分布式光纤传感系统中,基于瑞利散射的宽频振动测量、基于布里渊散射的应变动态测量以及基于多散射的多参数测量取得的研究进展。