Hyperthermostabilization of Bacillus licheniformis{alpha}-amylase and modulation of its stability over a 50{degrees}C temperature range

Bacillus licheniformis     

集装箱码头装卸作业的调度控制模型及算法设计

对集装箱码头上装卸作业的调度控制直接影响码头的整体运营效率．本文研究了集装箱码头装卸作业的调度控制问题,提出了一个基于柔性化flow shop的集成化控制模型．该问题具有非线性规划(NP：non- polynomial)难度,因此本文开发设计了两类基于优先级规则的启发式调度算法．利用该模型来对码头中多种装卸设备进行总体调度可以提高设备之间的协调性,提高码头效率,降低成本．实验研究证明算法能有效地解决该问题．     

Chemometric analysis of combined NIR and MIR spectra to characterize French olives

Chemometric treatment of near‐infrared (NIR) and mid‐infrared (MIR) combined spectra was used firstly to predict oil and water contents in fresh olive fruit samples (n = 223) and secondly to classify these samples into five principal French cultivar origins (Aglandau, Cailletier, Olivière, Salonenque, and Tanche). The study was carried out during four crop years (2005/2006 to 2008/2009) to take into account the seasonal variations. The comparison of the results obtained in the combined range (REP = 2.6% for the water content and 3.5% for the oil content) provides an obvious advantage compared to the NIR and MIR techniques used separately. Fresh olive fruit cultivars were satisfactorily classified with the partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) method in the combined range. After use of the K‐means clustering on the PLS‐DA scores, all the samples were well classified into their five groups of origin. The use of infrared combined spectra allows a considerable improvement in estimating olive fruit quality (oil and water contents, varietal origins).     

Wheat gluten-coated papers for bio-based food packaging: Structure,surface and transfer properties

The objective of the present work was to understand how the structural, surface, water vapour and gas barrier properties of wheat gluten (WG) coated paper could be influenced by the features of paper. For this purpose, a surface treated paper (TP) and an untreated paper (UTP) were compared. Penetration of WG-coating into the bulk of paper was more pronounced in UTP than TP. This led to the formation of a significant junction zone resulting in an interpenetrated structure for WG–UTP, suggesting a composite-like structure, while a bi-layer one was obtained for WG–TP. Differences in WG penetration were related to the hydrophilicity, roughness and porosity of the paper used. Even though the extent of penetration did not greatly affect the surface properties (water and oil resistance), the transfer properties (water vapour, O₂ and CO₂) of WG-coated papers were significantly improved when WG-coating highly penetrated: while the WG–TP behaved as a micro-perforated material, the WG–UTP behaved as WG-film.     

Error evaluation on experimental stress–strain curve obtained from tube bulging test

To get precise material data for advanced numerical modelling of tube hydroforming process, the tube bulging test is recommended. Stresses and strains in the tube cannot be evaluated easily and several approaches have been proposed. A review is proposed and points out their advantages and drawbacks.     

Solid/Liquid Separation of Pig Manure by Biological Flotation: Pilot-Scale Study

Many problems are associated with pig manure production like high biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents. Manure produces may be used in land spreading for agricultural purposes. Over application of liquid manure or runoff caused by precipitation contribute notably to surface or overland flow of phosphorus. In this study, the LISOX process is proposed for use in medium size farms, namely a 2,000-head swine farm. The LISOX process uses biological passive flotation, without any gas addition, to enable the flocs to rise to the surface. Results show that this technology is able to considerably reduce the solids content in the final effluent to 1.1±0.3% and reached solids content of 17.9±2.6% in the combined solid manure obtained at the end of the LISOX process. Total phosphorus (Pt) concentrations have been reduced from 1,234±428?mg/L to 146±46?mg/L in the final effluent, while a value of Pt of 20.6±7.9?g/kg has been obtained in the final solid fraction of the treated manure. The initial ammonium ion/total phosphorus ratio of 2.3±1.0 has been increased to respectively 16.4±4.6 and 17.6±5.4 after the primary and the secondary flotation, which is clearly much higher than the target value (NH4/Pt>7).     

Understanding Interactive Legends: a Comparative Evaluation with Standard Widgets

Interactive information visualization systems rely on widgets to allow users to interact with the data and modify the representation. We define interactive legends as a class of controls combining the visual representation of static legends and interaction mechanisms of widgets. As interactive legends start to appear in popular websites, we categorize their designs for common data types and evaluate their effectiveness compare to standard widgets. Results suggest that 1) interactive legends can lead to faster perception of the mapping between data values and visual encodings and 2) interaction time is affected differently depending on the data type. Additionally, our study indicates superiority both in terms of perception and interaction of ordinal controls over numerical ones. Numerical techniques are mostly used in today's systems. By providing solutions to allowing users to modify ranges interactively, we believe that interactive legends make it possible to increase the use of ordinal techniques for visual exploration.     

Impact of high pressure treatment on the structure of montmorillonite

The modification of sodium montmorillonite after a high pressure pasteurization treatment was followed by X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Regardless of the treatment intensity (300 and 800 MPa), the structure of montmorillonite was clearly modified. Such changes should be taken into consideration when binging montmorillonite–polymer nanocomposites into contact with food.