pH值与温度对中空聚合物微球的影响

在高压釜中,以单分散的聚苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸(P(St-MAA))为种子微球,采用碱中和冷却法制备中空聚合物微球,研究了pH值与温度对中空微球的影响。扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等测试分析表明,pH值与温度对中空微球的体积变化分数ΔV、中空孔径DHTEM、中空度A影响明显;随着pH值的增大或反应温度的升高,ΔV增大。当反应温度一定时(t=140℃),pH=10.5的乳液制备的中空微球DHTEM约为184 nm,A为17.3%;当乳液的pH一定(pH=12.5),碱中和反应温度以125℃为宜,此时DHTEM约为210 nm,A为24.6%。     

A prediction method for fatigue life of large moving components as function of scale factor: A case of motor‐generator rotor

With the development of science and technology, more and more large moving components have been used in industry, and their service lives have become an important issue. After analysis of the previous results, considering the scale factor, a prediction method for fatigue life of large moving components based on the Basquin relation was proposed at first, and then the magnet pole part of motor‐generator rotor was chosen to make simulation parts with different scale factors mainly in terms of their S‐N curves and fractographies. It was found that with the change of specimen scale factor, the stress concentration factor at transition arc is almost unchanged as well as the fatigue strength exponent, and the fatigue strength coefficient changes linearly. Based on those results, a life prediction method was validated, and the results show that this method is a simple but more precise relation. After fatigue fracture surface and crack growth angle observations and quantitative analyses, the fatigue damage mechanisms associated with the relation among fatigue strength exponent and coefficient and scale factors were explained well. Those studies will provide a new clue to the prediction of the service life for those large moving components.     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定牛奶中三氮脒残留

目的 本研究旨在结合超高效液相色谱－串联质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)技术,建立简便、快速的样品前处理方法,对牛奶中的痕量三氮脒残留进行检测。方法 用1%乙酸乙腈溶液振荡提取后,在-4℃条件下高速离心,取上清液旋转蒸干后,用10%乙腈水溶液复溶,用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪在正离子扫描及多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式下分析,外标法定量。结果 牛奶中三氮脒的检出限(limit of detection, LOD)为5 μg/kg,定量限(limit of quantification, LOQ)为15 μg/kg,在20~1000 μg/L浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)为0.9993。将所研究的方法应用于实际牛奶样本中,其加标回收率在81.65%至85.49%之间,日内精密度分别在4.5%~5.5%,日间精密度在5.9%~8.2%之间。结论 本方法采用振荡提取加低温高速离心净化的前处理方法,简单快速,结合UPLC-MS/MS,可实现痕量水平残留的高灵敏度检测,适用于快速、高灵敏检测牛奶及其他动物源性食品中的三氮脒残留。     

Green revolution in electronic displays expected to ease energy and health crises

The technological revolution of long-awaited energy-saving and vision-friendly displays represented by bistable display technology is conning.Here we discuss methods,challenges,and opportunities for implementing bistable displays in terms of molecular design,device structure,further expansion,and required criteria,hopefully benefiting the light-related community.     

Calibration method for a photoelastic modulator with a peak retardation of less than a half-wavelength

A new calibration method for a photoelastic modulator is proposed. The calibration includes a coarse calibration and a fine calibration. In the coarse calibration, the peak retardation of the photoelastic modulator is set near 1.841 rad. In the fine calibration, the value of the zeroth Bessel function is obtained. The zeroth Bessel function is approximated as a linear equation to directly calculate the peak retardation. In experiments, the usefulness of the calibration method is verified and the calibration error is less than 0.014 rad. The calibration is immune to the intensity fluctuation of the light source and independent of the circuit parameters. The method specially suits the calibration of a photoelastic modulator with a peak retardation of less than a half-wavelength.     

铝合金熔剂的研究

本文介绍了熔剂在铝合金熔炼过程中的作用,熔剂的分类和要求,常用熔剂的组成,适用范围及使用方法等。     

Nanoparticle-induced exosomes target antigen-presenting cells to initiate Th1-type immune activation

The mechanisms associated with the induction of systemic immune responses by nanoparticles are not fully understood, but their elucidation is critical to address safety issues associated with the broader medical application of nanotechnology. In this study, a key role of nanoparticle-induced exosomes (extracellularly secreted membrane vesicles) as signaling mediators in the induction of T helper cell type 1 (Th1) immune activation is demonstrated. In vivo exposure to magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) results in significant exosome generation in the alveolar region of Balb/c mice. These act as a source of nanoparticle-induced, membrane-bound antigen/signaling cargo, which transfer their components to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the reticuloendothelial system. Through exosome-initiated signals, immature dendritic cells (iDCs) undergo maturation and differentiation to the DC1 subtype, while macrophages go through classical activation and differentiation to the M1 subtype. Simultaneously, iDCs and macrophages release various Th1 cytokines (including interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor α) driving T-cell activation and differentiation. Activated APCs (especially DC1 and M1 subtypes) consequently prime T-cell differentiation towards a Th1 subtype, thereby resulting in an orchestrated Th1-type immune response. Th1-polarized immune activation is associated with delayed-type hypersensitivity, which might underlie the long-term inflammatory effects frequently associated with nanoparticle exposure. These studies suggest that nanoparticle-induced exosomes provoke the immune activation and inflammatory responses that can accompany nanoparticle exposure.     

灰度图像二维最小类方差递推及差分演化的快速分割

为克服Otsu法阈值偏离及一维最小类方差法在含噪图像分割中性能不佳的问题,基于图像灰度级二维直方图,提出一种二维最小类方差快速阈值化方法.通过递推方式计算得到图像前景及背景在不同阈值向量上的灰度级类概率及类均值,在此基础上,应用差分演化算法搜寻使图像类方差最小的阈值向量,并用该阈值向量对图像实施分割.在合成及真实图像上的实验结果表明,采用文中方法可获得良好的分割性能,有效地克服了Otsu法及一维最小类方差法的不足;采用递推及差分演化算法使计算时间大幅降低,可满足工程应用需求.     

烧结粉尘采用机械输送与气力输送的比较

介绍了烧结厂输灰采用机械输送及气力输送两种方式各自的特点,以实际工程为例,通过技术经济比较可知：气力输送方式在技术上具有较大的优越性,而运行费用较高,但其综合效益要远优于机械输送,在烧结领域值得大力推广。