面向启发式调整策略和粒子群优化的机组组合问题

提出一种启发式调整策略和粒子群优化相结合的新方法求解电力系统中的机组组合(UC)问题.算法将UC问题分解为具有整型变量和连续变量的两个优化子问题,采用离散粒子群优化和等微增率相结合的双层嵌套方法对外层机组启、停状态变量和内层机组功率经济分配子问题进行交替迭代优化求解.同时构造了关机调整和替换调整两个启发式搜索策略对优化结果进行进一步局部微调以提高算法解决UC问题的全局寻优能力和计算效率,从而有效改善解的质量.以10～100台机组组成的5个测试系统为算例,通过与其他算法结果进行比较分析,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.仿真结果表明该方法解决大规模机组组合问题具有求解精度高和收敛速度快的优势.     

Morphology-controllable fabrication of ordered platinum nanoshells with reduced symmetry

This paper presents a novel method for fabricating an ordered array of metallic nanoshells with a controllable shape by a combination of a porous polymer template and a nanocrystal-seeded electroless plating technique. The morphology of hollow particles has a strong dependence on the seed-deposition time onto the surfaces of the original colloidal template. Using this method, ordered Pt nanobowls (bowl-shaped shells) and, alternatively, nanocups (cup-shaped shells) are prepared. These materials show some intriguing properties: (i) reduced symmetry of the building blocks; (ii) a well-ordered structure; and (iii) a high ratio of surface area to volume, all of which are useful in many areas such as catalysts, sensors, and photonic crystals.     

A controllable synthesis of multi-armed CdTe nanorods

A simple, productive and low-cost route has been developed to synthesize multi-armed CdTe nanorods using myristic acid (MA) as a complex agent. The yield of this approach can reach 75%. The dimension of the multi-armed nanorods can be controlled by tuning the molar ratios of Cd/Te and Cd/MA; the diameter can be changed from 2 to?7?nm while the length from 15 to 60?nm. The hexagonal structure was confirmed in x-ray diffraction analysis. However, it was assumed that one crystal is composed of the dominant hexagonal structure along with a cubic structure in the core.     

渝页1井地质背景及钻探效果

我国南方海相页岩分布广、厚度大,有机质丰度高、热演化程度高,由于地质及地形条件复杂、含气性变化大,页岩气资源潜力有待查明。位于重庆市彭水县境内的页岩气取心井——渝页1井揭示了高陡构造带上黑色页岩及其中的含气特点。该井钻揭下志留统龙马溪组黑色页岩层系地层厚度为225.78 m(未穿)。实验分析结果表明:该井龙马溪组黑色页岩具有有利的页岩气成藏条件及典型的浅层页岩气特点,有机碳含量平均达到了3.7%,有机质成熟度(Ro)平均为2.04%。黑色页岩中裂缝及微孔隙发育,储集空间包括了黏土矿物粒间微孔隙、页理间孔隙、溶蚀孔隙、成岩微裂缝及构造裂缝等。实验计算龙马溪组黑色页岩含气量介于1.0～3.0 m3/t。研究表明,渝页1井所揭示的下志留统龙马溪组和上奥陶统五峰组暗色页岩分布广泛,页岩气资源潜力大。     

培养学生英语文化意识应遵循的原则及方法

英语文化意识是跨文化交际的基础.培养学生英语文化意识应遵循平等、同步和兴趣原则,在教学中运用比较、讲解和观察等方法引导学生理解东西方文化差异,增强英语文化意识,提高跨文化交际能力.     

Shear horizontal (SH) waves propagating in piezoelectric–piezomagnetic bilayer system with an imperfect interface

This work considers the propagation of shear horizontal (SH) waves in a bilayer system consisting of a piezoelectric (PE) layer and a piezomagnetic (PM) substrate. The interface between the PE layer and the PM substrate is imperfectly bonded. The surfaces of the bilayer system are free of traction, electrically shorted or open and magnetically open or shorted. The exact dispersion equations are derived. The numerical examples are given to illustrate the effects of the electromagnetic boundary conditions, the imperfect interface, the different PE layers and the thickness ratio on the dispersion behaviors. It is found that (a) the electrical boundary conditions dominate the propagation characteristics of SH waves; (b) the imperfect bonding lowers the phase velocities; (c) the thickness ratio and the properties of PE layers have a significant effect on the dispersion behaviors. The obtained results provide a predictable and theoretical basis for applications of PE–PM composites to acoustic wave devices.     

Selection strategy to generate aptamer pairs that bind to distinct sites on protein targets

Many analytical techniques benefit greatly from the use of affinity reagent pairs, wherein each reagent recognizes a discrete binding site on a target. For example, antibody pairs have been widely used to dramatically increase the specificity of enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Nucleic acid-based aptamers offer many advantageous features relative to protein-based affinity reagents, including well-established chemical synthesis, thermostability, and low production cost. However, the generation of suitable aptamer pairs has posed a significant challenge, and few such pairs have been reported to date. To address this important challenge, we present multivalent aptamer isolation systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (MAI-SELEX), a technique designed for the efficient selection of aptamer pairs. In contrast to conventional selection methods, our method utilizes two selection modules to generate separate aptamer pools that recognize distinct binding sites on a single target. Using MAI-SELEX, we have isolated two groups of 2'-fluoro-modified RNA aptamers that specifically recognize the αV or β3 subunits of integrin αVβ3. These aptamers exhibit low nanomolar affinities for their targets, with minimal cross-reactivity to other closely related integrin homologues. Moreover, we show that these aptamer pairs do not interfere with each other's binding and effectively detect the target even in complex mixtures such as undiluted serum.     

含铒铝合金激光焊接接头组织与性能研究

对含铒铝镁合金冷轧板进行了激光焊接,分析了接头的各区域的微观组织和力学性能,探讨了铒对焊缝及热影响区组织与性能的影响。结果表明:由于稀土元素Er的加入,使焊缝中心晶粒尺寸减小到30μm左右;熔合线附近出现"细晶层";热影响区晶粒未见明显长大;焊接接头焊缝截面的显微硬度呈W形分布;Er对焊接接头的抗拉强度提高并不明显,接头抗拉强度为母材的70%。     

Polydisperse aerosol condensation with heat and mass conservation II: Fluid dynamic couplings for an embedded aerosol zone

Aerosol condensational growth in a fluid field, including water vapor depletion and latent heat of condensation, is studied by a newly developed model coupling aerosol condensation with fluid dynamics. This model couples the fluid dynamics (via ANSYS FLUENT) and a time-dependent model [1] developed for nonsteady state, nonisothermal conditions. Mass and heat are effectively conserved throughout the computational domain with changes driven by aerosol condensation and evaporation. In turn, these changes promote fluid movement and its evolution. Communications between the air parcel, inside which the aerosol particles are introduced, and the outside environment are allowed by means of mass and heat transfer. Comparison between results of models with and without computational fluid dynamics (CFD) shows that the fluid movement due to aerosol condensation can have significant impact on the aerosol growth. By comparing the growth of both monodisperse and polydisperse (NH₄)₂SO₄ particles of different number densities at various initial supersaturation conditions, particle number concentrations are shown to have great impact on the aerosol condensational growth with mass and heat exchange between the inside and outside of the air parcel.     

Ni–Fe–B catalysts for NaBH4 hydrolysis

A series of Ni–Fe–B catalysts with different Fe/(Fe + Ni) molar ratios, used for the hydrolysis of NaBH₄, were prepared by chemical reduction of NiCl₂ and FeCl₃ mixed solution with NaBH₄. The measurements revealed that the catalysts with the molar ratio of Fe/(Fe + Ni) (30%) exhibited the highest catalytic activity, and the optimal reduction temperature is 348 K. In addition, the effects of the concentration of NaBH₄, NaOH and the hydrolytic temperature of NaBH₄ were discussed in detail. The results show that the reaction rate of hydrolysis first rises up and then goes down subsequently with the increase of NaBH₄ concentration, as well as the concentration of NaOH. The activation energy of the hydrolysis for Ni–Fe–B catalysts is fitted to 57 kJ/mol. The maximum value of hydrogen generation is 2910 ml/(min g) at 298 K.