The application of the finite element method to model the deformation of metals at the mesoscale to study the microstructure and texture evolution is described. The finite element discretization is applied directly to the various grains, and crystal plasticity is used as the constitutive basis to model the plastic deformation by crystallographic slip, and to evolve the slip system strength and crystal lattice orientation of the material. Applications of the methodology to detailed studies of the non‐uniform deformations of individual grains, and effects of grain interactions on the distributions of deformation and stress in the microstructure are discussed. 相似文献
LM6 aluminium alloy with 2.5–10 wt% of copper coated short steel fiber reinforced composites were prepared using squeeze casting process. Microstructure and mechanical properties viz., hardness, tensile strength and ductility were investigated. Dry sliding wear behaviour was tested by considering sliding distance and load. Fracture surface and worn surface were examined using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Hardness of composites increased with increasing wt% of fiber. Tensile strength of composites increased up to 19% for 5 wt% fiber composites. Further addition of fibers decreased the tensile strength of composites. Ductility of the composites decreased with the addition of fibers into the matrix. Wt% of fibers significantly decreased the weight loss, coefficient of friction and wear rate. Also the cumulative weight loss decreased up to 57% for 10 wt% of composites compared to LM6 aluminium alloy. Fracture surface of composite tensile specimen showed dimple formation and fiber pullout. Worn surface of matrix showed long continuous grooves due to local delamination on the surface. However, worn surface of composites showed fine and smooth grooves due to ploughing rather than local delamination. Copper coated steel fiber reinforcement in LM6 aluminium alloy exhibited better mechanical properties and wear resistance compared to matrix. 相似文献
The effect of modified atmosphere packaging of buffalo meat on the structural parameters viz., fibre diameter, sarcomere length and myofibrillar fragmentation index and physical parameters viz., pH, drip loss and colour scores were studied. The buffalo meat was packed under aerobic, vacuum and modified atmosphere (80% oxygen+20% carbon dioxide) and stored at 4±1°C upto 21 days. The results obtained revealed that vacuum-packed buffalo meat had the lowest fibre diameter and myofibrillar fragmentation index and the highest sarcomere length, vacuum thus appears to enhance ageing. Buffalo meat packed in modified atmosphere had a low drip loss and a desirable colour. The modified atmosphere packed and vacuum-packed buffalo meat was acceptable for upto 14 days at 4±1°C. 相似文献
The creep rapture behaviour of 2.25Cr—1Mo steel in air and in a salt mixture was studied. The salt coating, which can form a liquid phase at the test temperatures, increased the creep rate and reduced the rupture life of the material. The coating reduced the available cross-section of the material by removing the surface layers, thereby resulting in a reduction of the rupture life. Cross-sections of coated samples showed an outer oxide layer comprising oxide of the metal and precipitates of sulphide at the metal/oxide interface. This subsurface penetration of the corrodants was responsible for the early failure of the coated samples. This is typical of hot corrosion mechanisms. The formation of various carbides like M23C6 and M6C, as observed by transmission electron microscopy, during creep reduced the creep strength of the material both in air and in the coated state. Increasing temperature enhanced the formation of these carbides with a consequent decrease in creep strength. Applied stress did not seem to play much of a role in the degree of carbide precipitation. 相似文献
This study was aimed to explore the nanoparticle synthesizing properties of a silver resistant Bacillus sp. isolated from a marine water sample. The 16SrDNA sequence analysis of the isolate proved it as a Bacillus strain. Very interestingly, the isolate was found to have the ability to form intracellular silver nanoparticles at room temperature within 24 hours. This was confirmed by the UV-Vis absorption analysis which showed a peak at 430 nm corresponding to the plasmon absorbance of silver nanoparticles. Further characterization of the nanoparticles was carried out by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The presence of silver nanoparticles with the size less than 100 nm was confirmed. These particles were found to be extremely stable as confirmed by the TEM analysis after three months of purification. So, the current study is the demonstration of an efficient synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles by a marine Bacillus strain. 相似文献
Soluble block copolymers from toluene diisocyanate (TDI), with chain extender diols, viz., propylene glycol (PG), 1,4-butane
diol (1,4-BDO) and 1,3-butane diol (1,3-BDO), were synthesised for the first time by solution polymerisation. Maintaining
low hard segment content and keeping optimum NCO/OH ratio, formation of linear, flexible elastomers is achieved. They were
characterised by spectral, thermal, microscopic and stress–strain analysis. The dilute solution properties of these block
copolymers dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) are studied by viscometry and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). IR and NMR
spectral data support the notion that a chemical reaction leads to block copolymerisation. Differential scanning calorimetric
(DSC) analysis showed a soft segment glass transition temperature around −58°C and a hard segment glass transition temperature
between 75 and 70°C for these samples. This observation and two-stage thermal decomposition of the samples in thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA) clearly indicate that the block copolymers are completely phase-segregated systems. SEM indicates the amorphous
heterophase morphology of the samples. 相似文献
Design of experiments is employed to investigate the interrelationships between processing and nanotube surface chemistry on the properties of PP nanocomposites. Statistically significant effects of nanomaterial type and concentration, extrusion temperature, screw speed, and recirculation time, and their interactions, on nanocomposite thermal properties and stability are isolated. The effects of these factors on the shear storage modulus, the low‐frequency slope of the shear storage modulus, decomposition temperature, and melt temperature are explored. Nanotube concentration has the most significant effect in enhancing the decomposition temperature of the nanocomposite, while long extrusion time and higher temperatures lead to deteriorated properties.
Mesoporous Co3O4 particles are prepared by using mesoporous silica KIT-6 (with double gyroid Ia-3d symmetry) as a hard-template and Co(No3)2 x 6H2O as an inorganic precursor. In the former section, we investigate the effect of the calcination temperatures at which the Co salts are converted into Co3O4 inside the mesopores on the textural parameters of the products. The results of N2 adsorption-desorption analysis indicates that the calcination temperatures do not obviously affect the textural parameters such as the surface areas and pore volumes. However, when the calcination temperature reaches 800 degrees C, the mesostructural ordering is dramatically decreased, resulting in the reduction of the surface areas and pore volumes. After 800 degrees C calcination, the formation of large Co3O4 grains is partially confirmed on the particle surface by SEM observation. The grain size is much larger than the mesopore size of the original KIT-6, meaning the crystal growth is continuously occurred by breaking the rigid silica frameworks. In the latter section, we discuss the effect of the calcination temperatures and textural parameters on the catalytic activity for CO oxidation by both steady state and kinetic measurements. All mesoporous Co3O4 particles show a high catalytic activity, for example, -72 degrees C for sample calcined at 450 degrees C. Only 10 degrees C difference in T50 (the temperature of 50% conversion of CO) is found between the samples with the highest and lowest catalytic activity. The values of activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) per unit area are almost the same between two samples calcined at 450 degrees C and 800 degrees C. It is demonstrated that calcination process can not alter the essential catalytic property of mesoporous Co3O4 particles. 相似文献