Protective Effects of Glutamine and Leucine Supplementation on Sepsis-Induced Skeletal Muscle Injuries

This study investigated the effects of l-glutamine (Gln) and/or l-leucine (Leu) administration on sepsis-induced skeletal muscle injuries. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture to induce polymicrobial sepsis and then given an intraperitoneal injection of Gln, Leu, or Gln plus Leu beginning at 1 h after the operation with re-injections every 24 h. All mice were sacrificed on either day 1 or day 4 after the operation. Blood and muscles were collected for analysis of inflammation and oxidative damage-related biomolecules. Results indicated that both Gln and Leu supplementation alleviated sepsis-induced skeletal muscle damage by reducing monocyte infiltration, calpain activity, and mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Furthermore, septic mice treated with Gln had higher percentages of blood anti-inflammatory monocytes and muscle M2 macrophages, whereas Leu treatment enhanced the muscle expressions of mitochondrion-related genes. However, there were no synergistic effects when Gln and Leu were simultaneously administered. These findings suggest that both Gln and Leu had prominent abilities to attenuate inflammation and degradation of skeletal muscles in the early and/or late phases of sepsis. Moreover, Gln promoted the switch of leukocytes toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, while Leu treatment maintained muscle bioenergetic function.     

厌氧颗粒污泥处理含铅废水的机理探讨

本文对厌氧颗粒污泥处理含铅废水的机理进行了实验研究,分析了颗粒污泥处理含铅废水的影响因素,并对其机理进行了探讨,结果表明硫酸盐的投加一定程度上促进了SRB的生长并创造了利于硫化铅沉淀的环境,为厌氧颗粒污泥处理含铅废水提供了有效途径.     

使用改进的时域积分方程法计算导体目标的瞬态散射

本文推导了一种改进的时域积分方程(TDIE)方法,用于计算任意导体目标的瞬态电磁散射问题.采用隐式时间步进法,对典型导体目标包括尖劈板、立方体、导体球和球冠锥体进行了求解,得到了正确的瞬态响应结果,没有发现后期不稳定性现象.     

Effect of Mg on Solidification Microstructures of Homogenous and Functionally Graded A390 Aluminum Alloys

Hypereutectic Al?CSi alloys are used in components that require high resistance wear and corrosion, good mechanical properties, low thermal expansion and less density. The size and morphology of hard primary silicon particles present in Al?CSi alloys greatly influences the mechanical properties. Addition of Mg leads to formation of intermetallic Mg₂Si phases, which contributes towards the properties of high silicon alloy as well as alters the nature and quantity of primary silicon formed. The high silicon alloy subjected to centrifugal casting leads to the formation of functionally gradient material, which provides variation in spatial and continuous distribution of primary phases in a definite direction exhibiting selective properties and functions within a component. The present study is to evaluate the effect of Mg on solidification microstructures of homogenous and functionally graded A390 aluminium alloys. The addition of Mg from 3 to 5?% in A390 alloy using Al?C20Mg master alloy has shown a transformation from primary silicon rich matrix to Mg₂Si rich matrix. Centrifugal casting shows the gradient distribution of primary silicon and Mg₂Si phases towards the inner periphery of the casting.     

Statistical analysis of high cycle fatigue investigations of cast magnesium alloys under transverse load

Magnesium is the lightest structural material used and it is important to explore its properties completely as it is used in aviation, automotive, communication etc., This paper reports the reliability analysis carried out on the high cycle fatigue investigations performed on cast AZ91 Magnesium alloys under transverse load. An Electro dynamic shaker system was used to apply transverse load on the specimens fabricated as per ASTM standard. Weibull analysis was under taken to check and compare the reliability of the investigations on gravity cast and low pressure cast AZ91 magnesium alloys.     

Characterization of centrifugal cast functionally graded aluminum-silicon carbide metal matrix composites

The present investigation is on characterization of functionally graded composites based on 356 cast and 2124 wrought aluminum alloys reinforced with SiC particles of 23 μm average particle size processed by liquid metal stir casting followed by horizontal centrifugal casting. A maximum of 45 and 40% SiC particles are obtained at the outer periphery of the Al(356)-SiC and Al(2124)-SiC FGMMC casting respectively. The maximum hardness obtained at the outer periphery after heat treatment for Al(356)-SiC and Al(2124)-SiC FGMMC are 155 BHN and 145 BHN respectively. The freezing range of the matrix alloy has been found to dictate the nature of transition from particle enriched to depleted zone. These composites are suitable for making engineering components, which require very high surface hardness and wear resistances with high specific strength.     

小型低温空气源热泵用转子和涡旋压缩机对比

空气源热泵是一种利用高位能使能量从低位热源空气流向高位热源的节能装置。阐述了小型低环境温度空气源热泵（输入功率在1～4 kW,工作环境温度可达−20 ℃）的概念和用能效率评定方式。介绍了适用于小型低环境温度空气源热泵的两种全封闭压缩机：转子压缩机和涡旋压缩机。对比了两类压缩机的压缩原理;通过技术分析和产品调研,对两类压缩机的基本特性、喷气增焓和喷液增焓技术、变频技术和适用工况等方面进行了分析,并对其变压比特性进行阐述;对其制造工艺进行比较。得出了两种压缩机的适用性对比。     

高强船板钢中心偏析的成因及其改善措施

分析了高强船板钢中心偏析的成因及其影响因素.中心偏析的形成是因枝状晶晶间富含溶质的钢液流动和积累造成的.这种钢液流动的驱动力来自两方面:一是凝固坯壳收缩和铸辊对坯壳的压缩,二是坯壳在未收缩时开口和铸辊间发生鼓肚引起负压.采取控制钢水化学成分和过热度、稳定拉速、优化二冷配水、加大凝固末端辊缝收缩量等措施可减少连铸坯中心偏析,改善高强船板钢的内部质量.凝固末端实施轻压下对减少中心偏析效果明显.     

Microstructural evolution in liquid metal processed Al-alloy/SiCp composites

Al-Zn-Mg/SiC_P composites processed by a liquid metal processing (stir casting) technique have been microstructurally characterised in the as-cast and extruded conditions. Uniform distribution of SiC_P is observed with few defects, such as particle clusters, which are due to partial wetting and associated gas porosity. The constituent particles are associated with SiC_P although their composition remains unaffected compared with the control alloy. Hot extrusion of the composite using a shear type die showed banding of particles in the extruded direction with 9 vol. % composite. Such defects however, are not predominant in 18% SiC_P extruded composites. The presence of Mg₂Si is detected at the particle matrix interface as well as in the matrix.