Dynamics of a microchain of superparamagnetic beads in an oscillating field

The dynamics of microchains containing superparamagnetic particles in an oscillating field are studied experimentally. The chains are first formed by a static directional field, and then manipulated by an additional dynamical perpendicular field. The present methodology represents a simple reversible chaining process, whose particles can be re-dispersed after removal of the field. The motion of superparamagnetic chains is dominated by magnetic torque and induced hydrodynamic drag. The effects of key parameters, such as field strengths and the lengths of particle chains, are thoroughly analyzed. Distinct behaviors, from rigid body oscillations and bending distortions to rupture failures, are observed by increasing the amplitudes of oscillating fields or chains’ lengths. Because of lower induced drag, a shorter chain follows the field trajectory closely and oscillates more synchronically with the external field. On the other hand, the influences of field strengths are not consistent. Even the overall oscillating phase trajectory in a stronger external field deviates less significantly from the corresponding field trajectory, a stronger dynamical component of the external field results in larger phase angle lags at certain points. The experimental results confirm the criterion of ruptures can be effectively determined by the value of (N*Mn ^1/2), where Mn is the Mason number defined as the ratio of induced drag to dipolar attraction, and N represents the number of particles contained in a chain.     

Characteristics of hemicelluloses obtained from sweet sorghum based on successive extractions

Hemicelluloses were successively extracted from sweet sorghum by hot water, dioxane, DMSO, and different concentrations of NaOH between 0.5% and 6.0%. The yields of the seven fractions together accounted for 88.6% of the original hemicelluloses. The obtained hemicellulosic subfractions were comprehensively investigated by both destructive methods such as alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation and acid hydrolysis and nondestructive techniques such as gel permeation chromatography, Fourier‐transform infrared, ¹³C‐nuclear magnetic resonance, and 2D‐heteronuclear singular quantum correlation. Sugar composition studies showed that the water‐soluble polysaccharides consisted mainly of glucose, while xylose, arabinose, and glucuronic acid were the major sugars in other hemicellulosic fractions. It was found that the hemicelluloses from sweet sorghum were l‐ arabino‐(4‐O‐methyl‐d‐ glucurono)‐xylans. Comparison with the hemicellulosic fractions dissolved by the alkali treatment, the hemicellulosic fraction extracted by DMSO had lower molecular weight. In addition, it was also found that the hemicelluloses prepared by dioxane and DMSO were more branched since that they had higher nonxylose/xylose ratios than those extracted by the alkali treatment, which were more linear and contained higher amounts xylose. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42790.     

A MATLAB code for the material-field series-expansion topology optimization method

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering - This paper presents a MATLAB implementation of the material-field series-expansion (MFSE) topology optimization method. The MFSE method uses a bounded material...     

Microstructure and Mechanical Property Correlation of Mg-Si Alloys

Silicon - The present work aims at understanding the microstructure and mechanical property correlation of hypo (Mg-0.5, 0.7, 1.15 wt% Si) and hyper (Mg-2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt% Si) eutectic binary...     

“与自然共生”：英国儿童游戏场地改造

风景园林实践在很大程度上受到政府决策的影响,以英国英格兰地区为例,劳动党政府于2008年提出的《儿童计划》和《游戏策略》,在为儿童游戏场地的更新和建设提供资金支持的同时,也间接推动了儿童场地设计导则与标准的发展。然而随着2010年政府换届,儿童户外游戏场地发展方案被移出了英国国家发展计划。将着重介绍在政策变化的背景下,于英格兰北部谢菲尔德市进行的名为“与自然共生”政府资助项目的实践经验,重点探究在政策引导的背景下,通过儿童户外游戏场地自然化改造的方式对社区户外空间进行适儿化提升的过程、方式和成果。将从多元参与协同工作的机制、儿童参与社区改造的方式以及儿童游戏场地的游戏价值提升等多个方面阐释该项目,为中国“十四五”规划背景下儿童友好型城市建设中社区环境优化提升面临的机遇与挑战提供基于英国经验的应对策略;对因地制宜地建设中国儿童友好城市及社区提供基于前沿实践的参考和建议。     

硼酸铝晶须的应用与制备

无机材料在国民经济和国防建设中均占有重要地位，其中硼酸铝晶须作为一种新型的无机应用材料，由于其具有许多的特殊功能，而且相对廉价，近年来受到了人们的广泛关注。就硼酸铝晶须的组成、物化性能及主要用途作了简单介绍，并主要介绍了生产硼酸铝晶须两种主要方法——助熔法和水热法。指出与发达国家相比，中国在这方面的研究工作还有很大差距，今后如能大力开展制备和应用方面的研究，中国的许多工程材料的性能将得到极大的提高。     

一种新型双簇头分簇算法的性能研究

提出了一种新的双簇头分簇算法,该算法在单簇头分簇算法的基础上增加了一个备用簇头节点,在簇头节点能量耗尽或出现故障时,备用簇头节点能够实时升成簇头节点以维持簇稳定工作,从而减少网络重建的次数,提後高网络稳定性,仿真实验表明,双簇头分簇算法比单簇头分簇算法有更好的稳定性和公平性.     

Thermal Reactivity of Double-Base Rocket Propellants

Thermal decomposition studies on double-base propellants have been carried out in air and vacuum using differential scanning calorimetric, thermogravimetric and mass spectrometric techniques. Low temperature (90 °C–170 °C) decomposition seems to involve diffusion controlled process, the mechanism in air and vacuum being different. High temperature (170 °–205 °C) decomposition involves bond breakage.     

A Rough Set Based Model in Water Quality Analysis

Due to pollution caused by the expansion of human activities and economic development, water quality has gradually deteriorated in many areas of the world. Therefore, analysis of water quality becomes one of the most essential issues of modern civilization. Integrated interdisciplinary modeling techniques, providing reliable, efficient, and accurate representation of the complex phenomenon of water quality, have gained attention in recent years. With the ability to deal with both numeric and nominal information, and express knowledge in a rule-based form, the Rough Set Theory (RST) has been successfully employed in many fields. However, the application of RST has not been widely investigated in water quality analysis. The reducts generated by RST models become very time-consuming as the size of the problem increases. Using multinomial logistics regression (MLR) techniques to provide reducts of RST models, this investigation develops a hybrid Multinomial Logistic Regression and Rough Set Theory (MLRRST) model to analyze relations between degrees of water pollution and environmental factors in Taiwan. Empirical results indicate that the MLRRST model could analyze water qualities efficiently and accurately, and yield decision rules for the staff of water quality management. Thus, the proposed model is a promising and helpful scheme in analyzing water quality.     

IMPACCT: Methodology and Tools for Power-Aware Embedded Systems

Power-aware systems are those that must exploit a widerange of power/performance trade-offs in order to adapt to the power availabilityand application requirements. They require the integration of many novel powermanagement techniques, ranging from voltage scaling to subsystem shutdown.However, those techniques do not always compose synergistically with eachother; in fact, they can combine subtractively and often yield counterintuitive,and sometimes incorrect, results in the context of a complete system. Thiscan become a serious problem as more of these power aware systems are beingdeployed in mission critical applications.To address the problem of technique integration for power-aware embedded systems, we propose a new design tool framework called IMPACCT and the associated design methodology. The system modeling methodology includes application model for capturing timing/powerconstraints and mode dependencies at the system level. The tool performs power-awarescheduling and mode selection to ensure that all timing/power constraintsare satisfied and that all overhead is taken into account. IMPACCT then synthesizesthe implementation targeting a symmetric multiprocessor platform. Experimentalresults show that the increased dynamic range of power/performance settingsenabled a Mars rover to achieve significant acceleration while using lessenergy. More importantly, our tool correctly combines the state-of-the-arttechniques at the system level, thereby saving even experienced designersfrom many pitfalls of system-level power management.