用HDEHP萃淋树脂回收纯化~(252)Cf

一、前言~(252)Cf是目前应用较广泛的超钚元素之一。~(252)Cf通常可以从堆照镅、锔或钚靶中提取,也可以从过期~(252)Cf自发裂变中子源中用离子交换法,HDEHP溶剂萃取法,或萃取色层法回收。自1974年关于HDEHP萃淋树脂的研究报告发表以来,已经开展     

Three-dimensional respiratory-gated MR angiography of coronary arteries: comparison with conventional coronary angiography

OBJECTIVE: MR coronary angiography is most often performed using two-dimensional techniques. Although three-dimensional (3D) acquisitions do have important advantages, they take too long for a single breath-hold and are thus susceptible to respiratory motion artifacts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of a unique respiratory-gated 3D MR angiographic technique in identifying the proximal coronary arteries in patients suspected of having coronary artery disease. In addition, we investigated the capability of this technique to detect proximal stenoses. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective blinded study in 20 patients who were referred for conventional coronary angiography. A cardiac-gated 3D gradient-echo sequence with fat suppression was used. Retrospective respiratory gating was performed using navigator echoes of the diaphragm position. Using multiplanar reformatting, two independent readers blindly analyzed the data sets for visualization of major coronary arteries, lengths of imaged segments, and detection of significant stenoses (> 50% occlusion of the luminal diameter by conventional angiography). RESULTS: Seventy-seven of 80 (96%) coronary arteries were positively identified. In one patient, an anomalous coronary anatomy was readily identified and confirmed by conventional angiography. The average lengths of the imaged segments of the right, left main, left anterior descending, and left circumflex coronary arteries were 58 +/- 13 mm, 9 +/- 5 mm, 59 +/- 16 mm, and 24 +/- 10 mm, respectively. Overall sensitivity for the detection of stenoses was low (38%), with a specificity of 95%. Interobserver agreement was 0.92, with a kappa value of 0.65. CONCLUSION: Respiratory-gated 3D MR angiography allows accurate identification of proximal coronary arteries and may be valuable for 3D imaging of coronary anomalies. Further technical improvements are required to enhance the value of the technique in detecting stenoses.     

冲击波压力和脉冲持续时间对铁和镍微结构的影响

用一级轻气炮对铁和镍两种材料动态加载。用透射电镜观察两种材料的位错结构。结果发现：受动加载作用后铁和镍的位错结构分别是类似于网状的和网状的结构。冲击波压力与位错密度有直接关系，而在本试验的条件下脉冲持续时间对位错密度没有影响。     

Spectral response of a plant canopy with different soil backgrounds

The spectral behavior of a cotton canopy with four soil types alternately inserted underneath was examined at various levels of vegetation density. Measured composite spectra, representing various mixtures of vegetation with different soil backgrounds, were compared with existing measures of greenness, including the NIR-red band ratios, the perpendicular vegetation index (PVI), and the greenness vegetation index (GVI). Observed spectral patterns involving constant vegetation amounts with different soil backgrounds could not be explained nor predicted by either the ratio or the orthogonal greenness measures. All greenness measures were found to be strongly dependent on soil brightness. Furthermore, soil-induced greenness changes became greater with increasing amounts of vegetation up to 60% green cover. The results presented suggests that soil and plant spectra interactively mix in a nonadditive, partly correlated manner to produce composite canopy spectra.     

Attentional effects of single dose triazolam

1. While the effects of benzodiazepines on human memory have been extensively studied little is known about the effects of these agents on attentional processes. The authors studied the effects of a single dose of triazolam on selective visual-spatial attention using a double blind, placebo controlled design. 2. In each of 2 sessions 12 normal volunteers ingested either 0.25 mg of triazolam or placebo. Attentional performance was evaluated using two versions of the covert orienting paradigm which measured automatic (exogenous) and controlled (endogenous) aspects of attentional orienting, respectively. 3. Triazolam selectively modified performance on automatic orienting to exogenous cues. Specifically, triazolam increased the facilitation of target detection seen at shorter (150 msec) SOA's. This may indicate an increase in facilitation and a reduction in inhibition or a slowing of the time course of the biphasic attentional effect normally resulting from exogenous cuing. 4. These results indicate the importance of using experimental paradigms which effectively dissociate endogenous and exogenous mechanisms of spatial orienting in studies evaluating the effects of pharmacological agents on visual-spatial attention.     

Modeling precipitation and sorption of elements during mixing of river water and porewater in the Coeur d'Alene River basin

Reddish brown flocs form along the edge of the Coeur d'Alene River when porewater drains into river water during the annual lowering of water level in the basin. The precipitates are efficient scavengers of dissolved elements and have characteristics that may make metals associated with them bioavailable. This work characterizes the geochemistry of the porewater and models the formation and composition of the flocs. Porewater is slightly acidic, has suboxic to anoxic characteristics, tends to have higher alkalinity, and contains elevated concentrations of many constituents relative to river water. Laboratory mixing experiments involving porewater and river water were done to produce the precipitates. Thermodynamic predictions using PHREEQC indicate that predicted amounts of ferrihydrite and gibbsite agree with removal of Fe and Al. Predictions of element removal by adsorption onto ferrihydrite are consistent with observed removal using a combination of surface complexation constants for the generalized two-layer model (As and Se), alternative surface constants derived from experiments at high sorbate-to-sorbent ratios (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn), and adjusted surface constants to fit experimental data (Cr, Mo, and Sb). This new set of surface complexation constants needs further testing in other contaminated systems.     

Standard methods for land-use planning to determine the effects on societal risk

In the Netherlands, the individual risk and the societal risk are used in efforts to reduce the number of people exposed to the effects of an accident. In principle, the societal risk for each new land-use plan should be recalculated. Since this is proving increasingly cumbersome for planning agencies, several methods have been developed for SEVESO establishments and establishments for which in the Netherlands a generic zoning policy is used to determine the effects of new land-use plans on the societal risk. The methods give the uniform population density from a certain distance around the establishment at which the indicative limit for the societal risk is not exceeded. Correction factors are determined for non-uniform population distributions around the establishment, non-continuous residence times and deviating societal risk limits. Using these methods allows decision-making without the necessity of repeating quantified risk analyses for each alternative proposal.     

CMOS-compatible optical rib waveguides defined by local oxidation of silicon

The local oxidation of silicon process is shown to be an effective means of defining optical rib waveguides in silicon on insulator while maintaining the surface planarity required for CMOS integration. Experimental waveguides have shown singlemode operation and losses of less than 1 dB/cm in the telecommunications band around 1550 nm     

ILC for non-minimum phase system

In this paper we propose a design method of an iterative learning controller (ILC) for a non-minimum phase (NMP) system by model-matching theory. The ILC consists of two learning filters acting on both the previous input signal and the previous error signal. To design the learning filters, we convert the convergence condition of the ILC into the model-matching problem and get the stable and proper learning filter by solving the Nevanlinna's algorithm. To show the usefulness of the proposed algorithm, some design examples are included.