KOH／SBA-15负载型固体碱催化剂的合成、表征及催化性能

采用后合成法制备出固体碱催化剂KOH／SBA-15,利用X射线衍射法（XRD）、N2吸附-脱附（BET）、透射电镜（TEM）、化学吸附剂表面碱性测定（COz—TPD）等对其进行表征。考察了其在大豆油酯交换反应制备生物柴油中的催化性能。结果表明,在相同反应条件下,与CaO／SBA-15和MgO／SBA-15相比,KOH／SBA-15在催化活性和孔扩散上都具有较大的优越性,催化制备生物柴油产率最高（83．56％）。     

红外图像中快速小目标的均值移位跟踪

为了增强红外图像中快速小目标跟踪的稳健性,提出基于隶属度加权核直方图目标表征模型的改进均值移位跟踪算法．首先分析原始均值移位算法跟踪快速小目标的局部背景干扰问题,融合背景信息提出隶属度加权核直方图目标表征模型．该模型能够提高对于目标的表征能力,抑制局部背景干扰．然后,以Bhattacharyya系数作为相似性度量,在均值移位框架下推导出基于该模型的移位向量,能够有效实现目标的移位跟踪．移位过程中,目标隶属度大的灰度具有高移位权重,反之具有低移位权重．最后,应用模型更新方法克服局部背景的时变性,进一步提高目标跟踪的鲁棒性．实验结果表明,该算法对于红外图像中的快速小目标的具有稳健的跟踪性能．     

预氧化-MBR-反渗透工艺深度处理印染废水研究

以某工业园区印染废水处理厂二级生化出水为处理对象,采用预氧化+膜生物反应器(MBR)+反渗透(RO)的组合工艺对其进行深度处理,以达到企业回用水要求。实验结果表明,在进水COD为105~120 mg/L,色度为50倍的条件下,当氧化剂用量为3 mg/L,MBR水力停留时间为3~3.5 h时,组合工艺的出水COD≤5 mg/L,色度≤5倍,电导率≤20μS/cm,出水水质满足企业回用水要求,RO浓水COD≤120 mg/L,色度≤50倍,达到排放标准。     

微纳米气泡技术在渔业水产行业的研究进展及应用综述

微纳米气泡技术是当前国内外的前沿科技,也是研究的热点。该文详细介绍了微纳米气泡在悬浮物的吸附去除、有机物的强化分解及促进生物活性等方面的最新研究进展与应用现状。综述了微纳米气泡发生装置的各种原理和结构,并对其应用进展进行了分析和探讨,特别介绍了在渔业水产相关领域的研究应用情况。指出了微纳米气泡技术目前面临的主要问题及对渔业研究领域的启示,以期为微纳米气泡在水产养殖、捕捞、加工等领域的理论研究和技术应用提供参考。     

论地球化学外能与内能的转换

岩石在地表条件下具有q值增大规律。岩浆岩和变质岩在地表条件下,吸收太阳等宇宙能转化成沉积岩;在地壳深处,沉积岩释放这些能量转化成岩浆岩或变质岩。能量的上述转换,是通过内生的低晶格能矿物与外生的高晶格能矿物负载者实现的;是通过硅、铝主导控制元素,以及氧、钠、钾、钙、镁和铁等实现的。外能补充内能并通过内能起作用,从而成为改造地球面貌的宏伟运动。     

Study on effects of pre-treatment and surface roughness on tensile-shear strength of 2060 Al–Li alloy adhesive joints

The forces between adhesive and adherend mainly influenced by the pre-treatment technology of the substrates have important effects on the bonding strength. In this paper, the influence of different pre-treatment processes and surface roughness on the tensile-shear strength of 2060 Al–Li alloy adhesive joints as well as related mechanism was investigated. In this perspective, substrates were processed by mechanical abrasion at different levels and by phosphoric acid anodizing, which resulted in different surface topographies that were characterized by means of roughness measurements. Single-lap joints were prepared using a two-component epoxy adhesive. The tensile-shear strength of joints was measured via destructive testing and the failure modes were analyzed to evaluate the quality of bonding. Results showed that with the increase of surface roughness of Al–Li alloy, the tensile-shear strength of the adhesive joints increased and the failure modes changed from interfacial failure to cohesive failure. The groove structures formed during mechanical abrading were regarded as being responsible for this strengthening behavior. Moreover, a rough porous membrane was produced on adherents’ surface by phosphoric acid anodizing, causing a consolidation of adhesion at the adhesive-substrate interface.     

Chemical structure and remarkably enhanced mechanical properties of chitosan-graft-poly(acrylic acid)/polyacrylamide double-network hydrogels

The novel double-network (DN) hydrogels were prepared using the chitosan-g-poly(acrylic acid) as the first network, and polyacrylamide as the second. The effects of the concentrations of the second network on chemical structure, intermolecular interactions and mechanical properties for the DN gels were investigated. The DN hydrogels had decreased swelling capacities and significantly improved glassy modulus and strength with the increase of the acrylamide concentration, owing to the enhanced intermolecular interaction and physical entanglement, and reduced molecular motion. It is worth noting that DN hydrogels with 5.50 mol/L acrylamide content had the greatest mechanical strength and still relatively high water content (~82 wt%), resulting from the effectiveness of the intermolecular penetration and intermolecular interactions between two independent polymer networks. Therefore, the reported novel chitosan-based DN hydrogels exhibit good potentials in some applications, for example biomedical engineering applications.     

夹具拘束模型在焊接过程有限元分析中的建立及应用

夹具及垫板的拘束作用对被焊平板试样残余应力与变形的演变历程具有重要影响。将夹具和垫板作为弹塑性体包含到焊接数值模拟模型中,采用4种模型模拟夹具及垫板与被焊平板试样之间的相互作用,能够提高焊接数值模拟研究方法的科学性和准确性.数值模拟结果表明,夹具拘束作用的不同处理方式对平板试样焊后残余应力分布与变形趋势有重要影响,不同拘束条件下的平板试样残余变形模拟结果,与平板试样在自由状态下和夹具夹持状态下焊接实验获得的变形趋势均一致,在焊接过程初期阶段,平板试样上下表面的横向应力分布差异,对决定平板试样的残余变形趋势有重要影响。     

丙烯酸β-羟丙酯/乙烯基吡咯烷酮共聚物及其水凝胶的合成和温敏行为的研究

用自由基共聚法合成了一系列 β-羟丙酯 (β-HPAT)和乙烯基吡咯烷酮 (NVP)的共聚物及其水凝胶。发现共聚物的水溶液有敏锐的温敏行为 ,最低汇溶温度 (LCST)随 NVP含量的增加而升高 ,随着反应单体总浓度的增加 ,相变敏锐性下降且 LCST也随之下降。通过考察水凝胶的溶胀率 (SR) ,发现共聚凝胶在适当的单体浓度、交联剂浓度和较宽的单体浓度配比范围内 ,有较灵敏的温敏行为