全国土壤中天然放射性核素含量调查研究（1983—1990年）

中国土壤中天然放射性核素含量调查(1983—1990年)是中国环境天然放射性水平调查研究的一部分。本文作为分报告之一,系根据全国29个省、市、自治区(不包括台湾省,海南省包括在广东省内)的调查结果整理编写而成,主要报告这项调查的方法和结果。本调查在全国按均匀网格布点,并区分不同成土母岩母质、土壤类型进行加密布点,在天然γ辐射剂量率局部异常地区以及部分核企业和放射性伴生矿等对环境可能产生放射性污染的地区,也作了加密布点。本调查布点区域复盖面积约占全国总面积的80%。采样点基本与陆地γ辐射剂量率测点同位布设,土壤采样与陆地γ辐射剂量率测量同步进行。全国共采集土壤样品13866份;分析测量了11216份,其中网格点样品9114个,加密点样品2102个。本报告主要结果由7777个25×25和50×50 km 的基本网格点分析数据统计得到。本调查主要结果如下:(1)全国土壤中天然放射性核素~(238)U、~(226)Ra、~(232)Th、~(40)K 含量按面积加权平均值(±单次测量标准差)分别为39.5(±34.4)、36.5(±22.0)、49.1(±27.6)、580.0(±202.0)Bq·kg~(-1),范围值分别为1.8—520.0、2.4—425.8、1.0—437.8、11.5—2185.2 Bq·kg~(-1)。(2)土壤中天然放射性核素含量与成土母岩母质类型明显相关。由1552个不同成土母岩     

Electromagnetic properties of ferroelectric-ferrite ceramic composites

The NiFe₂O₄ and Pb(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃ ceramic composites are prepared by conventional solid state reaction method. The microstructural and morphological properties of the composites are studied by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Results indicate that the ferrite and piezoelectric phases can co-exist in the composites. The relationship between the dielectric constant and frequency (40 Hz–40 MHz) as well as temperature is also investigated. It is noted that the transition temperature of the composites is about 380 °C. A double electric hysteresis loop is observed in our composites. The magnetic properties are relatively weak according to the magnetic hysteresis loop. With increase in the content of the ferrite phase, the permeability increases. The electromagnetic properties of the as-prepared composites are tunable according to the content of the NiFe₂O₄ phase.     

A novel poly(p-phenylene vinylene)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) rod-coil diblock copolymer

In this letter, a novel well-defined PPV-b-PMMA rod-coil diblock copolymer, consisting of PPV oligomer as its rod block and PMMA as its coil block, respectively, was prepared via ATRP for the first time. The structure of the copolymer was determined by the measurements of FTIR, ¹H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermal and optical properties of the copolymers are investigated by DSC, TGA, UV-Vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The results showed that, the introduction of PMMA coil block can improve both the thermal stability and optical properties of PPV oligomer. The highly ordered hexagonally honeycomb-structured film of the copolymer fabricated by vaporizing solvent is also investigated by optical microscope and SEM.     

纤维防漏增韧水泥浆应用研究

在室内进行纤维水泥防漏实验研究和纤维水泥增强增韧实验研究的基础上,进行了纤维防漏增韧水泥浆应用研究。试验中选择了低弹矿物纤维ZRF,该纤维分子链中含部分亲水基团,在一定范围较易分散,可以杂乱地分布于水泥浆中,使水泥硬化后具有显著的抗冲击性,射孔试验结果证实了纤维的这种作用。地面模拟实验结果和现场固井应用试验说明,防漏增韧水泥浆体系能够满足现场固井施工要求,既能提高水泥石韧性,又具有防漏功能,同时解决了固井过程中的水泥浆漏失和水泥石脆性的难题,有利于提高固井质量,延长油气井寿命。     

天然气管道燃压机组的性能试验及见证

结合西气东输管道工程燃气轮机驱动压缩机组设备订货及验收中对性能试验项目的确定、工厂试验及见证过程,介绍了燃压机组性能试验项目所涉及的主要内容、执行标准、需要达到的技术指标,各种性能试验的基本情况,买方参加工厂试验见证中需要重点处理好的问题等。以期为我国其他大型长输天然气管道机组订货及试验见证工作提供借鉴。     

Studies of substrate specificities of lipases from different sources

Although lipases are widely applied in a wide variety of reactions, available information on the factors that are responsible for the substrate specificities of lipases from different sources is scarce. In this paper, nine lipase‐producing microorganism strains were isolated from oil‐containing samples. The properties of these enzymes, including pH optima, temperature optima, thermal stability, and pH stability, vary significantly with the different sources from which these lipases were isolated. The substrate specificities of the nine lipases, including fatty acid and positional specificities, were also studied. The fatty acid specificities of the nine lipases were observably different toward 15 substrates with different carbon chain lengths, different saturation degrees and different side chains. The lipases from S₃ Penicillium citrinum (PCL), MJ₁ Aspergillus niger (ANL), MJ₂ Aspergillus oryzae (AOL), YM Bacillus coughing (BCL), S₉ Geotrichum candidum (GCL), and S₁₁ Candida lypolytica (CLL) showed the strongest specificities to short‐chain esters, and the other lipases showed strong selectivity for medium‐ or long‐chain and branched esters. The positional specificities were examined by analyzing the hydrolytic products of triolein catalyzed by the nine lipases, using TLC. The lipases can be mainly classified into two groups by their specificities for the ester bond at position 2 of triglycerides; one group can selectively hydrolyze the ester bond at position 2 of the triglycerides, the other group cannot. All these nine lipases were divided into four groups by hierarchical clustering analysis on the basis of the results of fatty acid and positional specificities.     

提高干压各向异性SrM磁体磁性能的方法

以Y30H-1的SrM预烧料为原料,通过对二次添加剂、二次球磨及烧结曲线的调整,做出了Br≥380mT,Hcb≥240kA穖-1,Hcj≥250kA穖-1,(BH)max≥27.0kJm-3的干压各向异性锶铁氧体产品。     

高效方坯连铸机集成优化设计研究

在对方坯连铸关键技术参数综合研究的基础上 ,以实现正确操作和提高工艺性能为目标而进行的具有世界先进水平的高效方坯连铸机集成优化设计研究已经在实际工作条件下得到验证 ,结果证明可很好地满足质量和产量之间的相互关系。     

Research on the Distant Hybrids of Wheat Obtained via Low-Energy Ion-Beam Implantation

Abstract The whole DNA of soybean was implanted into four varieties of wheat of Zhongyu5, Huaiyin 9628, Wenyou 1, Jimai 5 respectively via ion-beam mediation. There were 5 plantsobtained whose protein content was higher than 18.5%, the highest one was 21.44%. There were 3plants obtained whose protein content was lower than 11.5%, the lowest one was 10.96%. We cansee that the whole DNA of soybean transformed into wheat via ion beam implantation can inducethe increase in wheat protein content dramatically. The result also shows that the transformationefficiency of different gene types of wheat receptor varies greatly that the implanting time has acertain effect on the efficiency of transformation.