Thermomechanical behaviour of composites

This paper derives the governing equations for the thermomechanical behaviour of composites. When the basic equations for the thermoelastic behaviour of solids were first derived in the nineteenth century several approximations were made. The effect of these assumptions are discussed and illustrated by the results of a simple laboratory test. The implications of this work on the analysis of impact damaged laminates are then discussed.     

Toughening of Dental Porcelain by Tetragonal ZrO2 Additions

The effect on mechanical behavior of ZrO₂ additions to a dental porcelain was investigated. The ZrO₂ was introduced into the glassy matrix phase of the porcelain by refritting the all-glass porcelain constituent. X-ray diffraction indicated that a sizeable fraction of the ZrO₂ was retained in the tetragonal form after the porcelain was fired. Zirconia additions to the porcelain produced substantial improvements in fracture toughness, strength, and thermal shock resistance.     

Elastic-Plastic Contact Damage in a Lead Lanthanum Zirconate Titanate

Spherical indenters were used to produce elastic-plastic contact damage in a lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) under conditions of quasi-static and impact loading. The extent of radial cracking produced under both loading conditions showed good correlation with the response predicted by an earlier fracture mechanics analysis for quasi-static conditions. Calculated radial crack lengths corresponding to conditions of impact loading exhibited excellent agreement with experimentally measured values. The dynamic hardness of the PLZT was determined to be ∼ 1.5 times the quasi-static hardness. Differences in the radial crack lengths produced under the two loading conditions were attributed primarily to this difference in hardness response.     

Dissolution Profiling of Six Modified-Release Oral Solid Dosage Forms

Dissolution testing was conducted for six non-combination, single entity, modified-release oral solid dosage forms. Dissolution medium was water and 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. USP Apparatus 1 and Apparatus 2 were used arid were rotated at either 50 or 100 rpm. A complete dissolution profile was obtained for all six dosage forms based on their stated dosing interval, D. The three strengths of Theo-dur tablets, Norpace CR 150 mg capsules, and the two strengths of Chlor-trimeton tablets passed the Compendial Case One requirements (USP XXI, 2S, 1906). Thorazine spansules and Quinidex tablets were unable to meet the specifications with water as the dissolution medium; the latter showed improved dissolution character in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. Tenuate Dospan 75 mg tablets showed good release characteristics in water when the authentic (dosing interval (D = 24 hours) was changed to a modified dosing interval of D* = 12 hours. All dissolution aliquots were assayed by UV absorbance measurements at the absorbance maximum for each drug and were also checked for excipient interference. Newer drugs appearing on the market will be more likely candidates for meeting compendial specifications; modified-release pharmaceuticals that appeared before the new specifications may have to be allocated specifically expanded window percentages.     

Dynamic viscosities of mixtures of n-butyraldehyde and isobutyraldehyde over wide ranges in the state parameters

Dynamic-viscosity measurements are reported for liquid mixtures in the system formed by n-butyraldehyde and isobutyraldehyde.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 321–322, February, 1985.     

Nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of circular plates and shallow spherical shells using the collocation method

The present work investigates the efficacy and applicability of interior global orthogonal point collocation method to the axisymmetric nonlinear analysis of elastic circular plates and shallow spherical shells subjected to uniformly distributed transverse load. Spacewise discretisation has been carried out using a polynomial expansion with the zeros of a Chebyshev polynomial as collocation points. Timewise integration has been carried out with Newmark k-β scheme corresponding to average acceleration method. The static response and snap-through buckling results, as well as, the dynamic response and dynamic buckling results under a uniformly distributed step load have been obtained and found to agree closely with the available results.     

Pesticide monitoring programme of the Ministry of Health of Brazil

The structure of the recently introduced Brazilian government programme for monitoring pesticide residues in six major agricultural products is described. Residues found from the analysis of samples of tomatoes and strawberries are discussed in detail. The much greater frequency of detection of pesticide residues, many of which are not approved for use in Brazil, in produce being sold on the domestic market, as opposed to that produced for export, is of major concern. It is perceived that this new monitoring programme will become permanent and be used to underpin enforcement actions that will need to be taken to reduce the numbers of incidents of illegal residues occurring, particularly in fresh fruits and vegetables.     

Production of maraging steel grades and the influence of specified and nonspecified elements for special applications

The material properties of maraging steels are greatly affected by the alloy and inclusion content and hence by the production route. This paper describes various past and current production routes at Böhler Edelstahl GmbH and the effect of these routes on the specified element (alloy) and non-specified element (inclusion) contents. Non-metallic inclusions were investigated by EDX analysis. The effects of various alloying and tramp elements on the material properties are presented as a statistical evaluation of previous melts. Nitrogen solubility was calculated with Thermo–Calc for maraging steel Mat.-No. 1.6354 and the precipitation of nitrides is discussed. A proposal is made for the production of melts with improved properties.     

High-strain-rate superplasticity of nanocrystalline aluminum alloy 1570

The structure and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline aluminum alloy 1570 obtained by means of severe plastic deformation have been studied. Being tested in a temperature range from 300 to 400°C, the alloy exhibits high-strain-rate superplasticity. At 400°C, the superplasticity is manifested in a very broad range of strain rates, extending from 5 × 10^?3 to 1 s^?1.