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61.
Shumin Zhai Jing Kong Xiangshi Ren 《International journal of human-computer studies》2004,61(6):823-856
Pointing tasks in human–computer interaction obey certain speed–accuracy tradeoff rules. In general, the more accurate the task to be accomplished, the longer it takes and vice versa. Fitts’ law models the speed–accuracy tradeoff effect in pointing as imposed by the task parameters, through Fitts’ index of difficulty (Id) based on the ratio of the nominal movement distance and the size of the target. Operating with different speed or accuracy biases, performers may utilize more or less area than the target specifies, introducing another subjective layer of speed–accuracy tradeoff relative to the task specification. A conventional approach to overcome the impact of the subjective layer of speed–accuracy tradeoff is to use the a posteriori “effective” pointing precision We in lieu of the nominal target width W. Such an approach has lacked a theoretical or empirical foundation. This study investigates the nature and the relationship of the two layers of speed–accuracy tradeoff by systematically controlling both Id and the index of target utilization Iu in a set of four experiments. Their results show that the impacts of the two layers of speed–accuracy tradeoff are not fundamentally equivalent. The use of We could indeed compensate for the difference in target utilization, but not completely. More logical Fitts’ law parameter estimates can be obtained by the We adjustment, although its use also lowers the correlation between pointing time and the index of difficulty. The study also shows the complex interaction effect between Id and Iu, suggesting that a simple and complete model accommodating both layers of speed–accuracy tradeoff may not exist. 相似文献
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影响喷气燃料与橡胶相容性的因素 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用几种具有不同初始物理性能及不同丙烯腈含量、不同硫化剂和硫化程度的丁腈橡胶,考察了其配方和物理性能对采用不同工艺条件生产的喷气燃料的相容性。结果表明,喷气燃料与橡胶的相容性不仅与喷气燃料的加工工艺有关,而且与橡胶的组成及其制备工艺有关。采用非加氢工艺生产的喷气燃料与橡胶的相容性好于采用加氢工艺(特别是加氢裂化工艺)生产的喷气燃料。橡胶材料的初始力学性能的好坏并不完全决定其与喷气燃料相容性的好坏,橡胶材料的耐过氧化物侵蚀能力才是影响相容性好坏的主要因素。橡胶的组成和其制备工艺决定了橡胶在喷气燃料中萃取物的数量和组成,不同萃取物的综合作用给相容性带来不同程度的影响。用硫作硫化剂的橡胶虽然原始强度低于用过氧化物作硫化剂的橡胶,但前者与喷气燃料的相容性却远好于后者。 相似文献
64.
Different NMR techniques were combined to obtain the structure and velocity information for a systematic investigation of fixed beds with low aspect ratio (tube diameter to particle diamter, dt/dp) in the range 1.4 to 32. The structure of the void space was determined for a variety of packed beds of glass beads or regular and irregular porous pellets by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Based on the images the radial distribution of the voids within the bed was obtained. Ordering effects were found even for non‐spherical and polydisperse particles, and a maximum of the fluid density near the tube wall was confirmed for all pellet geometries and sizes. By combining MRI with velocity encoding, velocity profiles and distributions of flow velocity components of a single fluid phase through packed beds have been acquired. The radial velocity distribution follows an oscillatory pattern which largely reflects the ordering of the particles, which can be accessed from the density distribution of the interparticle fluid. Maximum velocities of up to four times the average value were found to occur near the tube wall. This wall effect was observed for all but the smallest particles, where the aspect ratio was dt/dp = 32. Moreover, a visualisation of flow pattern in the presence of packed particles was achieved by using a tagging technique, and the stationary flow field could be identified for an experimental time of several hours. 相似文献
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对G1n小肽在氨基酸营养液中的使用以及G1n小肽的稳定性和代谢机制进行了论述。G1n是一种“条件必需氨基酸”,但Cln的水溶液不稳定,因而在氨基酸输液或氨基酸营养被中,用G1n小肽代替G1n单体使用。G1n小肽含有取代的α—NH2,使Cln小肽的稳定性大大增加。 相似文献
70.
无氢类金刚石碳膜的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了无氢类金刚石碳膜的制备方法 ,它们的机械、光学、电学性能 ,将无氢与含氢的类金刚石碳膜进行了简单比较 ,总结及探讨了它们的应用 相似文献