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971.
Yu Xia Wei Zhang Mingjing Ha Jeong Ho Cho Michael J. Renn Chris H. Kim C. Daniel Frisbie 《Advanced functional materials》2010,20(4):587-594
The fabrication and characterization of printed ion‐gel‐gated poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) transistors and integrated circuits is reported, with emphasis on demonstrating both function and performance at supply voltages below 2 V. The key to achieving fast sub‐2 V operation is an unusual gel electrolyte based on an ionic liquid and a gelating block copolymer. This gel electrolyte serves as the gate dielectric and has both a short polarization response time (<1 ms) and a large specific capacitance (>10 µF cm?2), which leads simultaneously to high output conductance (>2 mS mm?1), low threshold voltage (<1 V) and high inverter switching frequencies (1–10 kHz). Aerosol‐jet‐printed inverters, ring oscillators, NAND gates, and flip‐flop circuits are demonstrated. The five‐stage ring oscillator operates at frequencies up to 150 Hz, corresponding to a propagation delay of 0.7 ms per stage. These printed gel electrolyte gated circuits compare favorably with other reported printed circuits that often require much larger operating voltages. Materials factors influencing the performance of the devices are discussed. 相似文献
972.
Qiang Wang Ji Hyang Sohn So Ye Park Jin Seong Choi Joo Young Lee Jong Shik Chung 《Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry》2010,16(1):68-73
Pure phase K4Zr5O12 is synthesized via solid state method in the present work. Various K/Zr ratios and temperatures are applied, and the synthesis process is investigated in detail by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Its catalytic activity for soot oxidation is studied by temperature programmed oxidation with different types of soot/catalyst contacts. It is revealed that K4Zr5O12 is very active in the presence of 2–10% O2 for both tight and loose contacts (Tp(tight) = 335 °C, Tp(ethanol) = 355 °C and Tp(shaking) = 370 °C). Thermal stability study shows that K4Zr5O12 is highly stable up to at least 900 °C. 相似文献
973.
A new binuclear mixed-valence complex [ReCl4(py)(μ-O)Re(py)4Cl]·2py was obtained by solvothermal synthesis in a Berghoff autoclave. It has been studied by IR, reflectance spectra, TGA and X-ray measurements, which support the assumption, that two Re centres with different coordination environments are present. Most plausible, yet not unambiguous oxidation state assignment is ReIII/IV. 相似文献
974.
Jin‐Hyun Kim Sang‐Chul Lee Dr. Hyun‐Ho Kyeong Hak‐Sung Kim Prof. Dr. 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2010,11(12):1748-1753
Quorum sensing is a cell–cell communication mechanism that is involved in the regulation of biological functions such as luminescence, virulence, and biofilm formation. Quorum‐quenching enzymes, which interrupt quorum‐sensing signaling through degradation of quorum‐sensing molecules, have emerged as a new approach to controlling and preventing bacterial virulence and pathogenesis. In an effort to develop quorum‐quenching enzymes with improved catalytic activities, a genetic circuit system based on acylhomoserine‐lactone (AHL)‐mediated quorum‐sensing signaling was constructed. The genetic circuit system was composed of lux‐R, lux‐I promoter, β‐lactamase, and β‐lactamase inhibitor, and designed to confer antibiotic resistance on host cells expressing an AHL‐degrading enzyme, thereby enabling rapid screening of quorum‐quenching enzymes. To demonstrate the utility of the genetic circuit system, we attempted the directed evolution of the AHL hydrolase from Bacillus sp. The genetic circuit system was shown to be effective in screening of quorum‐quenching enzymes with high catalytic efficiency. From these results it is expected that the genetic circuit system can be widely used for the isolation and directed evolution of quorum‐quenching enzymes with greater potential. 相似文献
975.
Xing-Zhu Wang Cheuk-Lam Ho Lei Yan Xi Chen Xun Chen Kai-Yin Cheung Wai-Yeung Wong 《Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials》2010,20(3):478-487
The synthesis, characterization and photophysics of a solution-processable metallopolyyne of platinum (P1) functionalized with the dioctyloxyphenyl-substituted thienopyrazine–thiophene hybrid spacer and its model molecular complex
(M1) are described. Such metallopolymer P1 possesses a very low bandgap of 1.50 eV which extends towards the near-infrared (NIR) range of the solar spectrum, and represents
one of the lowest optical bandgaps reported for metallopolyynes. With the capability of spanning a wider solar-radiation range,
P1 can be used to fabricate efficient solar cells with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 0.46% under air mass (AM1.5)
simulated solar illumination. The electronic effect of the central heterocyclic ring sandwiched between the two thiophene
units on the optical properties of these metallopolyynes has been investigated. The present study provides a good approach
towards achieving conjugated polymeric materials with a broad solar absorption and demonstrates the potential of low-bandgap
metallopolyynes for simultaneous visible and NIR light power generation. 相似文献
976.
This study provides a comparison of the influence of Pd(P) thickness on reactions during soldering with the Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu alloy.
Soldering was carried out in an infrared-enhanced conventional reflow oven, and a multiple reflow test method (up to ten cycles)
was performed. With increasing Pd(P) thickness, the (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 grew more slowly at the solder/Ni(P) interface, while the Ni2SnP/Ni3P bilayer became predominant after the first reflow. These three intermetallics, i.e., (Cu,Ni)6Sn5, Ni2SnP, and Ni3P, gradually coarsened as the number of reflow cycles increased. Furthermore, an additional (Ni,Cu)3Sn4 layer appeared between (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 and Ni2SnP, especially for the case of a thicker Pd(P) layer (0.2 μm). The attachment of the (Ni,Cu)3Sn4 to the Ni2SnP, however, was fairly poor, and a series of microcracks formed along the (Ni,Cu)3Sn4/Ni2SnP interface. To quantify the mechanical response of the interfacial microstructures, shear testing was conducted at two
different shear speeds (0.0007 m/s and 2 m/s). The results indicated that the interfacial strength and the Pd(P) thickness
were strongly correlated. 相似文献
977.
This paper is concerned with the subjective perception of video coding artifacts in H.264/AVC encoded and decoded video. Our objective is to model the perceived annoyance of such low bit rate video sequences as a function of perceived artifact strength. We introduce a new method for determining this function and apply it to the data from two psychophysical experiments. Both experiments produced numerical judgments of the subjectively perceived annoyance of artifact combinations and the perceived strength of the respective coding artifacts. Our method produces a discrete multi-dimensional representation of the relationships in the data from which the function relating annoyance to artifact strength is derived. The method is applied to the data of the first experiment and the resulting function is shown to describe the data from the second experiment as well. 相似文献
978.
Won‐Kee Hong Seon‐Chee Park Jin‐Min Kim Seung‐Geun Lee Seung‐Il Kim Ki‐Joon Yoon Ho‐Chan Lee 《The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings》2010,19(3):275-289
An experimental investigation of composite beams composed of wide flange steel and precast concrete is presented. The bottom flange of the steel section is encased in precast concrete. Utilizing the merits of both steel and concrete material, the size of the steel beams can be reduced without sacrificing performance. The bottom flange of the steel beam is reinforced with concrete at a manufacturing plant, eliminating the use of temporary pour forms. The composite beams were tested to investigate how the size of the wide flange steel and how the top and bottom reinforcements influence the behaviour of the beams. Flexural load carrying capacity, load displacement relationships and failure modes were examined. The test specimens were T‐shaped composite beams with slabs, each measuring 10‐m long. The flexural moment strength of all of the composite beams—at both the yield limit state and the maximum load limit state—was measured and compared with the analytical flexural capacity. The stiffness degradation, ductility and dissipating energy capabilities of the composite beams were investigated based on the hysteresis curves. The composite beams tested in this study successfully reduced both the floor height of the building and the size of the steel beams needed to meet code requirements. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
979.
Cornish AS Ng WC Ho VC Wong HL Lam JC Lam PK Leung KM 《The Science of the total environment》2007,376(1-3):335-345
The bamboo shark Chiloscyllium plagiosum is an abundant benthic species along the shallow continental shelf of Southeast Asia. It is commonly taken by fishermen in China, India, Taiwan and Thailand for human consumption. This study measured trace metal and organochlorine concentrations in C. plagiosum collected from the southern waters of Hong Kong, China. Metals (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) were measured in three different tissues: dorsal muscle, spleen and liver. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides in the dorsal muscle were identified and quantified using gas chromatography. Metal concentrations varied among the three different tissues, with liver having higher levels of Ag and Cd, and spleen possessing higher levels of Cu and Mn. Both Ni and Pb in all tissues were below the detection limit. Tissue concentrations of Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn generally decreased with increasing body weight whilst no significant concentration-size relationship was found for other metals. In muscle tissues, total PCBs ranged from 1.056-4.771 ng/g (wet wt.) with a median of 1.801 ng/g, while total DDTs ranged from 0.602-23.55 ng/g with a median of 1.109 ng/g, in which p,p'-DDE was the predominant metabolite. Levels of total hexachlorohexanes and cyclodienes were low. The pesticide p,p'-DDT was the only compound found to be positively correlated with body weight, indicating temporal bioaccumulation of this compound. Zn concentrations in the muscle of C. plagiosum were comparatively higher than recorded in other shark species, however, concentrations of other metals and organochlorines were relatively low. C. plagiosum feeds primarily on polychaetes, shrimps and small fishes, and thus is unlikely to contain levels of contaminants of human health concern. 相似文献
980.
Characteristics of emissions of air pollutants from burning of incense in temples, Hong Kong 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Field investigations of target air pollutants at two of the most famous temples in Hong Kong were conducted. The air pollution problems in these two temples during peak and non-peak periods were characterized. The target air pollutants included particulate matters (PM(10), PM(2.5)), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbonyl compounds, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO(x)), methane (CH(4)), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and inorganic ions (Cl(-), NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-), Na(+), NH(4)(+), and K(+)). The pollutant levels of the two temples during peak period were shown to be significantly higher than those during non-peak period. The highest average CO level was obtained at Temple 1 during peak period, which exceeded IAQO 8-h Good Class criteria. In general, the average PM(2.5)/PM(10) ratios were approximately 82%. The results revealed that the fine particulates (PM(2.5)) constituted the majority of suspended particulates at both temples. It was noted that formaldehyde was the most abundant carbonyl compounds, followed by acetaldehyde. At Temple 1 during peak period, the average benzene concentration exceeded almost 8 times more than Indoor Air Quality Objectives for Office Buildings and Public Places (IAQO) [HKEPD, 2003. Guidance notes for the management of indoor air quality in offices and public places. Indoor air quality management group, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.] Good Class criteria. The average OC/EC ratios ranged from 2.6 to 17 in PM(10) and from 4.2 to 18 in PM(2.5) at two temples, which suggested that OC measured in these two temple areas may be due to both direct emission from incense burning and secondary formation by chemical reactions. The total mass of inorganic ions, organic carbon, and elemental carbon accounted for about 71% in PM(2.5) and 72% in PM(10). 相似文献