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31.
Jain Vipin Ramos‑Meza Carlos Samuel Aslam Ejaz Chawla Chanchal Nawab Tabish Shabbir Malik Shahzad Bansal Ajay 《Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy》2023,25(3):779-779
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - 相似文献
32.
Shahid Hussain Xiaoguang Wang Shabbir Ahmad Muhammad Riaz 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2020,36(3):910-946
Monitoring of any manufacturing, production, or industrial process can be controlled and improved by removing these special cause of variations using control charts. Shewhart-type control charts are effective to control a large amount of special variations, whereas, cumulative sum (CUSUM) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts detect small and moderate variations efficiently in the process parameters. Monitoring of location parameter can be done with mean control charts under the assumption that the parameters are known or correctly estimated from in-control samples and data are free from outliers (but in practice data occasionally have outliers). In this study, we have proposed generalized mixed EWMA-CUSUM median control charts structures for known and unknown parameters based on auxiliary variables for detecting shifts in process location parameter. The proposed charts are compared with the corresponding charts for the mean, based on contaminated and uncontaminated data. Different performance measures are used to evaluate the performance of proposed control charts and revealed through results that the median-based charts are more sensitive to detect a shift in process location parameter in the presence of outliers. An illustrative example using real data is also shown for practical consideration. 相似文献
33.
Luqman Jameel Rather Shahid-ul-Islam Mohd Shabbir Mohd Nadeem Bukhari Mohd Ali Khan 《Journal of Natural Fibers》2018,15(4):611-623
This study was undertaken to propose an alternative use of Adhatoda vasica leaves extract as a potential source of natural dye for the coloration of woolen yarn/fibers. Premordanting technique was adopted with double metal salt combinations of ferrous sulfate, stannous chloride, and potassium aluminum sulfate and double biomordant combinations of gallnut, pomegranate, and babool, to achieve dyed textile materials of acceptable colorimetric and fastness properties. Sixty-three sober and elegant shades were developed on wool by varying the nature and the concentration of mordants involved in the combinations. The hue of color developed was found to be in yellow-red coordinate of color space diagram. All the dyed samples presented excellent color strength (K/S) values and highest values were found in case of gallnut + pomegranate peel extract (PPE) combination. Biomordants produced altogether different behavior in comparison to metal mordants in the development of ecofriendly shades of different hue and tune. Majority of the dyed samples showed excellent fastness properties with respect to light, washing, and rubbing which confirmed the possibility of using A. vasica leaves extract as an effective yellow natural dye. 相似文献
34.
Muhammad Shahbaz Hooi Hooi Lean Muhammad Shahbaz Shabbir 《Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews》2012,16(5):2947-2953
The paper is an effort to fill the gap in the energy literature with a comprehensive country study of Pakistan. We investigate the relationship between CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic growth and trade openness in Pakistan over the period of 1971–2009. Bounds test for cointegration and Granger causality approach are employed for the empirical analysis. The result suggests that there exists a long-run relationship among the variables and the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is supported. The significant existence of EKC shows the country's effort to condense CO2 emissions and indicates certain achievement of controlling environmental degradation in Pakistan. Furthermore, we find a one-way causal relationship running from economic growth to CO2 emissions. Energy consumption increases CO2 emissions both in the short and long runs. Trade openness reduces CO2 emissions in the long run but it is insignificant in the short run. In addition, the change of CO2 emissions from short run to the long span of time is corrected by about 10% yearly. 相似文献
35.
Shahid-ul-Islam Luqman Jameel Rather Mohd Shabbir Mohd Nadeem Bukhari Mohd Shahid Mohd Ali Khan 《Journal of Natural Fibers》2017,14(4):586-596
This study was undertaken to propose alternative use for teak leaves, a timber industry byproduct, as potential dyeing source for wool fibers. The coloring potential of anthraquinone colorants from teak leaves were studied on wool with pre-mordanting method using double and triple mix metal salt combinations (ferrous sulphate, stannous chloride and potassium aluminum sulphate) as mordants. Thirty-six sober and elegant shades were developed on wool by varying the type of metal involved in combination as well as concentration of the dye. The hue of color developed ranged from light orange—brown to dark brown. The color strength (K/S) has been found to be very good in dyed woolen yarn samples and particularly was highest for iron + alum combination. Color fastness with respect to light exposure washing, rubbing for the developed shades ranged between good to very good, which confirmed the possibility of using waste leaves of Tectona grandis as a source of effective brown natural dye. 相似文献
36.
Mohd Yusuf Shafat Ahmad Khan Mohd Shabbir Faqeer Mohammad 《Journal of Natural Fibers》2017,14(4):597-607
Environmental issues inspire the revival of natural dyes that exhibit better biodegradability and more compatibility over synthetic ones. This research is aimed to investigate the effect of color and fastness properties on wool yarn substrate with natural anthraquinone colorants extracted from madder roots using gallnut (Quercus infectoria) extract as anchoring agent. Prior to the dyeing with Indian Madder (Rubia cordifolia), wool fibers were pre and post-treated with different concentrations of gallnut extract (viz 1–5% o.w.f) to get a broad range of beautiful and color fast shades. The feasibility of gallnut extract as an anchoring agent and its effect on color strength and color fastness to light, rubbing, and washing was investigated. Results of color characteristics showed that the color coordinates of the dyed samples were situated in the red-yellow quadrant of the CIELabcolor space. Bio-mordanting with gallnut extract produced shades of practically acceptable color depth, color fastness to light, washing and rubbing. Pre-treatment with gallnut extract is dominated over post-treatment in terms of better colorimetric and fastness results. 相似文献
37.
Shabbir Ahmad Masood Sadiq Butt Imran Pasha Aysha Sameen 《International Journal of Food Properties》2016,19(8):1874-1883
Hydrocolloids act as stabilizer and thickening agents, thus able to replace emulsifying salts. The present study was planned to use к-carrageenan in the production of processed cheddar cheese and to explore its effect on physico-chemical and textural properties of processed cheddar cheeses. Different concentration of ?-carrageenan were used with gradual decrease in salt contents along with natural cheese, fat, and water to prepare processed cheddar cheese. The prepared samples were analyzed for physico-chemical and sensory attributes at storage interval of 45 days during and after 90 days. With the increase in hydrocolloid concentration, stiffer product was obtained and meltability of the samples decreased than control. Processed cheddar cheese samples having 0.15% к-carrageenan with 2% emulsifying salt (1.34% sodium citrate and 0.66% disodium phosphates) were found more acceptable in terms of physico-chemical and sensory attributes, but all sensory attributes got fewer score with the passage of storage time. 相似文献
38.
Foley SL Simjee S Meng J White DG McDermott PF Zhao S 《Journal of food protection》2004,67(4):651-657
Escherichia coli O157:H7, a Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, has been the causative agent of many cases of severe, often life-threatening foodborne illness. Because of the importance of E. coli O157:H7 to public health, many molecular typing methods have been developed to determine its transmission routes and source of infection during epidemiological investigations. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is currently used by public health organizations to track infections of E. coli O157:H7 and other foodborne pathogens. In this study, we compared the ability of PFGE, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and repetitive-element PCR (Rep-PCR) to distinguish among 92 E. coli O157:H7 isolates from cattle, food, and infected humans. Several virulence genes, including the intimin gene (eaeA), the hemolysin gene (hlyA), and the H7 fimbrial gene (fliC), and a housekeeping gene for beta-glucuronidase (uidA) were included in MLST. Rep-PCR reactions were performed using a commercially available typing kit (Bacterial Barcodes Inc., Houston, Tex.) with the provided Uprime-RI primer set. Results of the study indicated that PFGE provided the most discrimination among the techniques, identifying 72 distinct PFGE profiles for the isolates; Rep-PCR elucidated 14 different profiles, whereas MLST generated five profiles. Additionally, there did not appear to be any correlation among the typing methods examined in this study. Therefore, to date, PFGE remains the technique of choice for molecular subtyping of E. coli O157:H7. 相似文献
39.
Amine-terminated aromatic and semi-aromatic hyperbranched polyamides: synthesis and characterization
Saima Shabbir Sonia Zulfiqar Muhammad Ilyas Sarwar 《Journal of Polymer Research》2011,18(6):1919-1929
A facile synthetic approach to aromatic and semiaromatic amine-terminated hyperbranched polyamides via direct polymerization
of triamine (B3) with different diacid chlorides (A2) was explored. An aromatic triamine, 1,3,5-tris(4′-aminophenylcarbamoyl)benzene (TAPCB), was synthesized and monomers were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Finally, the polycondensation reaction of TAPCB with terephthaloyl chloride (TPC), isophthaloyl chloride
(IPC), sebacoyl chloride (SC) and adipoyl chloride (AC) resulted in the preparation of four hyperbranched polyamides i.e.,
HBPA 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. FTIR and 1H NMR analyses confirmed the structures of the ensuing polymers and DB was found between 0.51–0.55. These thermally stable
amorphous HBPAs were soluble in polar aprotic solvents at room temperature having glass transition temperatures (Tg) between 138–198 °C. Inherent viscosities (ηinh) and weight average molecular weights (Mw) were in the range of 0.27–0.35 dL/g and 1.3 × 104–2.7 × 104, respectively. Future prospects are envisaged. 相似文献
40.
Ruma Sen Bikash Choudhuri John Deb Barma Prasun Chakraborti 《Machining Science and Technology》2020,24(4):569-591
AbstractWire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is always significant for its high-precision machining. However, due to the generation of high discharge energy during machining, machined surfaces are often got distorted. These might be upgraded by choosing the correct tool with proper machining condition. The effects of the electrode materials and process parameters on different responses of WEDM like average surface roughness, recast layer thickness, and surface morphology are systematically examined here to enhance the knowledge of WEDM and its correlation with electrode property. The experiments have been carried out on one of the expensive steel namely Maraging steel 300 due to its applicability in tooling and aerospace industries. Plain brass wire, zinc-coated brass wire (ZCB), and silver-coated brass (SCB) wires are used as a tool electrode for analysis. Comparative experimental studies prove that among BW, ZCB, and SCB, the overall performance of SCB is commendable owing to the high-quality surface considering control parameters in low discharge energy level. However, the second-best performance is shown by ZCB. 相似文献