Electromigration studies of flip chip Sn95/Sb5 solder bumps on Cr/Cr-Cu/Cu under-bump metallization

The electromigration-induced failure of Sn95/Sb5 flip chip solder bumps was investigated. The failure of the joints was found at the cathode/chip side after current stressing with a density of 1×10⁴ A/cm² at 150°C for 13 sec. The growth of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) was observed at the anode side after current stressing. Voids were found near the current crowding area in the cathode/chip side, and the (Cu,Ni)₆Sn₅ IMC at the cathode/chip end was transformed into the Sn phase. The failure mechanism for Sn95/Sb5 flip chip solder joint is proposed in this paper.     

A gm-boosted common-gate CMOS low-noise amplifier with high P1dB

A 2.4-GHz transconductance (g_m)—boosted common gate (CG) low-noise amplifier (LNA) with a high 1-dB compression point (P1dB) is proposed. To overcome the constraint of conventional CG LNA for input-mismatching, RF filters consisting of band-stop and high-pass filter are used as a load and inter-stage matching components, respectively. Therefore, the g _m can be freely increased for a high gain and low noise figure (NF) without decreasing input impedance. Moreover, the linearity is also enhanced because band-stop filter load can reduce 2nd harmonics. The fully integrated LNA implemented by 0.18-µm RF CMOS technology delivers an input P1dB of ?1 dBm, a power gain of 14.8 dB and a NF of 3.7 dB. The LNA consumes 8.2 mA at a supply voltage of 1.8 V.     

An ultra-wideband antenna for the reinforced concrete detection

In this paper, an Ultra-Wideband （UWB） planar antenna is proposed for the reinforced concrete detection, which consists of a pair of planar waterdrop arms, a microstrip to coplanar par- allel-strips transition and a shallow rectangular cavity. In order to overcome the disadvantages of the shallow cavity, some absorbing material is loaded to weaken the narrow-band effect of the cavity and the crosstalk interference. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna has a large bandwidth from 0.48 GHz to 3.6 GHz with Voltage Standing Wave Ratio （VSWR） below 2 and a fractional bandwidth about 200% under the center frequency of 1.6 GHz, directional radiation char- acteristics and small late-time ringing in the time domain, which can be suitable for nondestructive detection of the reinforced concrete.     

Organic Solid Solutions: Formation and Applications in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

To enhance the performance of organic devices, doping and graded mixed‐layer structures, formed by co‐evaporation methods, have been extensively adopted in the formation of organic thin films. Among the criteria for selecting materials systems, much attention has been paid to the materials' energy‐band structure and carrier‐transport behavior. As a result, some other important characteristics may have been overlooked, such as material compatibility or solubility. In this paper, we propose a new doping method utilizing fused organic solid solutions (FOSSs) which are prepared via high‐pressure and high‐temperature processing. By preparing fused solid solutions of organic compounds, the stable materials systems can be selected for device fabrication. Furthermore, by using these FOSSs, doping concentration and uniformity can be precisely controlled using only one thermal source. As an example of application in organic thin films, high‐performance organic light‐emitting diodes with both single‐color and white‐light emission have been prepared using this new method. Compared to the traditional co‐evaporation method, a FOSS provides us with a more convenient way to optimize the doping system and fabricate relatively complicated organic devices.     

基于STM32的智能搬运机器人的研究与设计

针对老年人和行动不便者日常生活困难的问题,设计了一款可以进行基本日常操作的智能搬运机器人。机器人以STM32单片机为主控制器,通过红外线、超声波等传感器获取外界环境信息,对履带式行走机构和机械臂进行控制。履带结构较为平稳,具有良好的越障能力;机械臂自由度高,可完成360度全方位无死角的的抓取活动。本文使用Creo进行建模,实现机器人的运动仿真,优化机器人机械结构,借助Keil进行程序编译,解决机器人运动的算法问题。智能机器人利用多个传感器作为“感觉器官”,凭借稳定的履带行走机构和高自由度的机械臂,实现超声避障、智能循迹、定距抓取等多个功能。     

Amorphization Boost Multi-Ions Storage for High-Performance Aqueous Batteries

Regarding the complex properties of various cations, the design of aqueous batteries that can simultaneously store multi-ions with high capacity and satisfactory rate performance is a great challenge. Here an amorphization strategy to boost cation-ion storage capacities of anode materials is reported. In monovalent (H⁺, Li⁺, K⁺), divalent (Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Zn²⁺) and even trivalent (Al³⁺) aqueous electrolytes, the capacity of the resulting amorphous MoO_x is more than quadruple than that of crystalline MoO_x and exceeds those of other reported multiple-ion storage materials. Both experimental and theoretical calculations reveal the generation of ample active sites and isotropic ions in the amorphous phase, which accelerates cation migration within the electrode bulk. Amorphous MoO_x can be coupled with multi-ion storage cathodes to realize electrochemical energy storage devices with different carriers, promising high energy and power densities. The power density exceeded 15000 W kg⁻¹, demonstrating the great potential of amorphous MoO_x in advanced aqueous batteries.     

Synthesis of Highly Stable LTO/rGO/SnO2 Nanocomposite via In Situ Electrostatic Self-Assembly for High-performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

The practical application of spinel-type lithium titanate Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) lithium-ion batteries is hindered by its poor conductivity and relatively low capacity. To address these issues, an LTO/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/SnO₂ is synthesized via an in situ electrostatic self-assembly and hydrothermal reduction process. Density function theory (DFT) simulations are conducted to understand the geometrical structures of these composites and the energy storage mechanisms. The DFT results confirm that the introduction of rGO and SnO₂ to LTO increases the overall conductivity, improves the structure stability, and increases Li-ion diffusion speed.     

大曲面检测技术研究

大曲面的检测对于三坐标测量机是一个难题,以电子经纬仪作为传感器的工业测量是一种新的方法,可以解决这个难题.这种测量属于非接触测量,因此被测工件的状态是不受约束的.另外一个优点是它可以在较大的测量范围内达到较高的测量精度.在本文中,检测了处于架设状态下的大曲面,同时研究了相关的检测技术.由于直接得到的测量结果是采样点的三维坐标,所以首先需要分析其坐标与被检测量之间的关系,根据曲面的特征,其坐标偏差的标准偏差值作为评价型面质量的参数;然后建立相应的检测系统.在建立的过程中,需要考虑检测精度和曲面与经纬仪的位置关系.检测结果表明,这些技术可以实现对大曲面的高精度检测,并且具有广泛的应用前景.     

拉曼-纳斯衍射声光Q开关的实验研究

实验研究了拉曼-纳斯(R-N)衍射的声光相瓦作用长度与声波光波参数之间的关系,确定了最佳声光相互作用长度.在此基础上,分别设计以水和TeO2晶体为声光介质的R-N衍射Q开关器件,测量了器件的衍射效率、衍射角和插入损耗等参数.应用TeO2晶体开关器件调制长脉冲Nd:YAG/KTP激光器,当重复频率为10 kHz时得到了脉...