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41.
Kyoko Kawagishi Hiroshi Harada Akihiro Sato Atsushi Sato Toshiharu Kobayashi 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2006,58(1):43-46
The fourth-generation nickel-based single-crystal superalloys, which contain large amounts of refractory metals for strengthening
and platinum group metals for topologically close-packed phase prevention, show excellent high-temperature strength. However,
these alloying elements seem to decrease high-temperature oxidation resistance. In this study, nickel-based superalloys with
various amounts of tantalum, rhenium, and ruthenium were examined in isothermal and cyclic exposures at 1,100°C to investigate
the effect on the oxide growth rate and resistance to scale spallation. Ruthenium and rhenium were found to degrade the oxidation
resistance by the vaporization of their oxide. Tantalum-rich oxide in the spinel layer acts to stabilize ruthenium and rhenium
oxide in the scale. The addition of hafnium and yttrium is effective in improving the oxidation resistance of ruthenium-containing
nickel-based superalloys. 相似文献
42.
43.
A skew of a paper transferred by rubber rollers in printers is simulated by FEM software. Effects of an imbalance of preload, an imbalance distribution of coefficient of friction and a front tension on the paper skew are investigated and how to determine the skew direction are shown. A simulation model is composed of a feed roller, a preload roller and a paper. The feed roller is rotated forcibly by a certain degree at every calculation step and a deformation, displacement and strain of the paper and rollers are calculated. A series of calculation results is shown as a motion simulation. The results show that the paper skews to the smaller preload side, to the smaller coefficient of friction side, or to the opposite side of the front tension. Further, effects of a skew prevention guide plate is simulated. 相似文献
44.
Hamdy F.M. Mohamed K. Ito Y. Kobayashi N. Takimoto Y. Takeoka A. Ohira 《Polymer》2008,49(13-14):3091-3097
The mechanism of gas permeation in Nafion membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells has been investigated from the viewpoint of free volume. Three different samples, a membrane with ionic exchange capacity (IEC) = 0.92 meq/g, and recast samples with IEC = 0.92 and 1.00 meq/g were used after drying. Free volume was quantified using the positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) technique and gas permeabilities were measured for O2 and H2 as functions of temperature and relative humidity. Good linear correlations between the logarithm of the permeabilities at different temperatures and reciprocal free volume indicate that gas permeation in dry Nafion is governed by the free volume. Nevertheless permeabilities are much smaller than the corresponding flexible chain polymer with a similar free volume size due to stiff chains of the perfluoroethylene backbone. In highly hydrated Nafion above 60% relative humidity, where the O2 permeability varies oppositely to the free volume, gas permeation proved to be controlled by the gradual increase in overall flexibility of the Nafion–water system. 相似文献
45.
S. Toita D. Kang K. Kobayashi H. Kawamoto K. Kojima M. Tachibana 《Diamond and Related Materials》2008,17(7-10):1389-1393
DNA-wrapped single-wall carbon nanotubes (DNA-SWNT hybrids) prepared from different diameter HiPco- and Arc-SWNTs were investigated by atomic force microscopy. The mean diameter of DNA-HiPco-SWNT hybrids is 1.94 nm that is consistent with one HiPco-SWNT (~ 0.9 nm) wrapped by DNA (~ 1 nm). On the other hand, the mean diameter of DNA-Arc-SWNT hybrids is 3.74 nm that can correspond to one Arc-SWNT (~ 1.4 nm) wrapped by several layers of DNA. It is suggested that the DNA-wrapping mechanism for large diameter Arc-SWNTs is different from that for small diameter HiPco-SWNTs. 相似文献
46.
Yasushi Sobajima Kunihiro Mori Masahiro Tsukamoto Norimitsu Yoshida Masao Takahashi Hikaru Kobayashi Shuichi Nonomura 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2005,85(2):240-187
Effects of cyanide (CN) treatment with hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films have been investigated. The decrease of ΔV/V was observed in cyanide treated a-Si:H films and the successive thermal annealing at 200°C after CN treatment induced the further reduction of the ΔV/V. XPS spectra show the indirect evidence that the cyanide species is present within 10 nm from the hydrogenated amorphous silicon surface. The results of CN treatment with a-Si:H solar cells are demonstrated. 相似文献
47.
Crack extension behavior and fracture toughness of ductile cast iron were examined by three-point bend tests, where various
detection methods of crack initiation under static and dynamic loading conditions were adopted. Loading on the specimens was
interrupted at various displacement points, and the final fracture surfaces of the specimen were observed via scanning electron
microscopy (SEM). Crack-tip opening displacement (CTOD) obtained under the dynamic loading condition was smaller than that
under the static loading condition in ferritic ductile cast iron, and CTOD additionally decreased with increasing pearlite
content in the matrix. The relationship between J (ΔC) obtained by the compliance changing rate method and J(R) established
by the intersection of the crack extension resistance curve and the theoretical blunting line varied with pearlite content.
The average value of .J(ΔC) and J(R), that is J (mid), was proposed to define the fracture toughness of ductile cast iron;
J (mid) was considered to be a reasonable measure for the fracture toughness of ductile cast iron, irrespective of loading
condition and the pearlite content in the matrix. 相似文献
48.
49.
Inoue Y. Kobayashi K. Tanaka E. Okamoto S. Tsuchiya Y. Takizawa K. 《Broadcasting, IEEE Transactions on》1996,42(3):259-265
In order to realize full-color electroluminescent (EL) displays, which are expected as a dominant candidate for the future multimedia flat panel display, blue EL devices with SrGa2S4:Ce have been prepared by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). This paper proposes a novel deposition method employing Sr metal and Ga2S4 compound as the source materials. A single-phase SrGa2S4 layer is obtained in a Ga2S3/Sr flux ratio of 60 and at the growth temperature of 560°C. We have obtained the well-saturated blue with CIE color coordinates of x=0.14, y=0.14 and brighter blue EL devices made by optimizing the growth conditions in MBE. The maximum luminance of 70 cd/m2 in comparison with the 3 cd/m2 of our previous EL devices, is achieved at a driving frequency of 1 kHz 相似文献
50.
Tetsuhiko Kobayashi Nolven Guilhaume Jun Miki Naoyuki Kitamura Masatake Haruta 《Catalysis Today》1996,32(1-4):171-175
In an attempt to develop new catalysts for the formation of formaldehyde from methane, the promotion effect of Fe on SiO2 and that of Sn on WO3 have been studied. The formation of formaldehyde on silica can be appreciably enhanced by the impregnation of Fe, as far as iron loadings are kept below 0.1 atom.% (Fe/Si × 100). In the case of Sn---W---Ox catalysts, both the addition of Sn to WO3, and that of W on SnO2 were effective to the selective formaldehyde formation. Absorption spectra (UV-Vis) and ESR measurements revealed that tetrahedrally coordinated Fe3+ in the silica network plays an important role in the formation of formaldehyde. A thin surface layer consisting of W and Sn oxides can account for the selective formaldehyde formation on the Sn---W---Ox catalysts. 相似文献