Measurement photography

Examples are presented of the partial and complete spatial self-orientation of plane optical images. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 5, pp. 28–32, May, 1996.     

Experience gained from making the incineration of solid domestic wastes a factory standard at thermal power stations in Russia

Using the results of activities on developing and adjusting the processes pertinent to thermal reprocessing of solid domestic wastes (SDWs), that were carried out by VTI specialists along with GUP Ekotekhprom specialists in 1999–2005, we selected operating conditions under which the power installations run in compliance with the requirements (adopted both in Russia and in the EU countries) imposed on the incineration of SDWs and purification of flue gases. It is indicated that ways are currently being considered of increasing the parameters of steam generated at SDW-fired power stations from the existing p = 1.2?1.4 MPa and t _sup = 300?320°C to p = 4.0 MPa and t _sup = 400°C to make the generation of electricity at them more efficient. Experience gained in this field by the boiler manufacturing plants in Russia is analyzed.     

Special Features of the Structure of Laser-Welded Joints of Dissimilar Alloys Based on Titanium and Aluminum

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - The structure of laser-welded joints of parts having different thicknesses fabricated from alloys based on aluminum and titanium has been studied. Results of...     

Development of Ion-Plasma Coatings for Protecting Intermetallic Refractory Alloys VKNA-1V and VKNA-25 in the Temperature Range of 1200 – 1250°C

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - Multilayer heat-resistant ion-plasma coatings for protecting the parts of the hot duct of gas-turbine engines produced from refractory nickel alloys based on VKNA...     

A method of relativistic synchronization of moving atomic clocks and experimental verification thereof

We present results of the experiment on compensation of a relativistic shift in the timescale of a transportable hydrogen quantum clock with 3 × 10^–15 instability over its motion path. Calculation of the relativistic shift of the onboard timescale of the moving clock was based on continuous measurements of its current coordinates and velocity over the path with the aid of GLONASS/GPS navigation equipment. The experimental error of the proposed method does not exceed ±1 ps.     

Influence of meniscus fluctuations in the mold on crust formation in slab casting

By analyzing the development of standing waves and surges at the metal meniscus in the mold and their influence on crust formation, it is established that wave processes in the mold may be responsible for accidents and affect billet quality.     

Measurements of temperature spatial distribution and fluctuations in a hydrogen-oxygen flame at high pressures by means of coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy

The results of measurements of the temperature field in a hydrogen-oxygen flame by means of broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy are presented. The measurements were performed at pressures up to 1.7 MPa and temperatures ~3000 K with the spatial resolution of ~0.04 × 0.04 × 2.5 mm³. The duration of a single measurement was 10 ns and the sampling rate was 10 Hz. The error of the temperature determination was ~4% for the single-shot measurements and ～0.15% for the measurements of the average values during 100 s under quasi-stationary burning conditions.     

Evolution of the microstructure and phase composition of materials based on the fluorohydroxyapatite–zirconia–alumina system during sintering

We have studied the influence of the sintering temperature, Al₂O₃ additions, and liquid-forming sintering aids on the phase composition and microstructure of fluorohydroxyapatite-based composite ceramic materials containing 20 and 60% zirconia. The addition of alumina has been shown to prevent secondary recrystallization processes during sintering and contribute to stabilization of tetragonal zirconia. The addition of the sintering aid has made it possible to lower the sintering temperature to 1200°C.