A traction electric drive for electric cars

It is advisable to use a controlled electric drive in electric drives of electric off-road vehicles due to its significant multiplicity of the supported torque (5: 1 and higher) in a low-power mode. Such overloads can be achieved, for example, in electric drives with a field-regulated reluctance machine, not only because of the capacity of the electric machines, but also due to the choice of the drive control system. Analysis of requirements for the electric drive of an electric vehicle is performed, and the influence of the control method on the specific parameters is considered. Analysis of the number of independent control actions in synchronous reluctance electric drives is provided. The possibility of increasing the overload multiplicity of the torque by abandoning the vector control in favor of structures similar to dc drive systems is shown.     

FAME Production and Fatty Acid Profiles from Moist Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis oculata Biomass

In the present study, we investigated the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from moist Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis oculata biomass using a hydrolysis–esterification process. Additionally, we evaluated for the first time the fatty acid profile before and after this process. Hydrolysis of the lipid fraction was performed on a moist biomass in the presence of differing amounts of an acid catalyst in both 50 and 100 % w/w water relative to the biomass. The esterification of the crude extracts of the free fatty acids (FFA) was then investigated. The experiments show that in the presence of 50 % w/w water relative to the biomass, the hydrolysis–esterification process results in higher FFA and FAME yields. The analysis of the fatty ester profiles did not reveal any degradation of the FFA from the microalgae biomass under the hydrolysis–esterification conditions. The results were compared with both extraction–transesterification and direct transesterification processes using dry biomass. The extraction–transesterification and hydrolysis–esterification processes resulted in similar FAME yields and similar profiles of the fatty esters from dry and moist biomass materials, respectively.     

关于推动中国天然气能源革命的思考

为了面对能源供需格局新变化、国际能源发展新趋势,保障能源安全,国家积极推动能源革命,能源改革政策频出。为了适应国家推动能源革命的迫切要求,建立现代天然气能源产业体系,应对天然气产业发展所遇到的挑战已势在必行。在分析天然气能源革命提出的背景基础上,明晰天然气能源革命内涵,构建其基础结构模式。分析认为,中国的天然气能源革命是一项复杂的巨系统工程,是长期战略任务。进而提出建议:①实施"非常规资源保供"战略工程,建立多元网络供应保障体系;②实施"天然气能源替代"战略工程,打造清洁高效能源消费主角;③实施"天然气技术突破"战略工程,建立国际领先核心技术体系;④实施"天然气市场变革"战略工程,推动能源市场资源优化配置;⑤实施"天然气开放合作"战略工程,持续提升国际话语权影响力。该研究成果对丰富我国能源革命的内涵,助推能源革命发展具有重要的意义。     

定向随钻扩孔技术在塔河油田TH10233CH井的应用

受地层及地质避水要求等限制,塔河油田部分φ177.8 mm套管开窗侧钻水平井采用膨胀管复杂地层封堵钻井技术,该技术实施的关键是对复杂泥岩进行扩孔作业。对已实施的5口膨胀管井的扩孔作业进行分析,通过优选开窗侧钻井井斜角、随钻扩孔钻头和中、高速大扭矩螺杆,优化定向随钻扩孔钻井参数及深井小井眼定向随钻测量技术,TH10233CH井在5 542.66~5 884.00 m井段进行了定向随钻扩孔。扩孔段长341.34 m,最大井斜62°,井径满足膨胀管下入和膨胀大于165 mm的要求,保证了膨胀管复杂地层封堵技术在TH10233CH井的成功应用,为塔河油田同类井实施该技术提供了经验。