灰色预测中缓冲算子的组合性质及应用

通过研究同性缓冲算子作用样本数据序列所得灰色预测模型的预测精度问题, 发现同类缓冲算子对于相同样本数据序列的预测值一致, 对于具体预测问题, 某个缓冲算子在此类问题中有效, 用到另一类问题上可能失效. 为此, 提出一种同性缓冲算子的组合方法, 通过对同性缓冲算子的有效组合可以得到一种新的缓冲算子, 该缓冲算子不但能够提高模型的预测精度, 而且可以扩大缓冲算子的适用范围. 实例验证表明, 所提出的组合方法是有价值的.

     

混合线性模型在模板跟踪中的应用

模板跟踪在计算机视觉上已经有了很广泛的应用。利用图像的单应性特征,构建目标的运动模型,找出观察数据与目标运动参数的关系,估计目标的运动参数,实现目标跟踪的目的。本文提出了一种基于混合线性模型的模板跟踪方法,提取目标的运动参数和表观特征,建立数据集,利用全监督学习的方法计算出两者的映射关系,从而实现对目标进行有效跟踪。这种方法既克服了由单一线性模型造成的非线性误差,又减少了由于计算非线性模型的计算量,提高了目标跟踪的精度。此外,本文还提出了一种快速学习的计算方法,克服了混合模型中每个子空间由于学习样本少而容易受到噪声影响的缺点,不仅增加了系统的鲁棒性,而且减少了计算量。实验结果表明该算法具有良好地跟踪效果。     

基于小波滤波背景预测的红外弱小目标检测方法

红外弱小目标检测是红外图像研究领域的热点与难点。有效地从背景中检测出弱小目标对于后续的跟踪、识别工作具有十分重要的意义。针对现有检测方法的不足,提出了一种基于小波滤波背景预测的红外弱小目标检测方法。该方法利用小波滤波去噪的优良特性将目标作为噪声滤除,然后构建近似的前景分布图与背景分布图,最后基于连通体筛选与对比度门限完成弱小目标的提取。采用实测光电图像对该方法进行了验证,结果表明,提出的方法能够有效抑制噪声,完成背景预测以及红外弱小目标的检测。     

不确定数据聚类的U-PAM算法和UM-PAM算法的研究

UK-means算法在处理不确定数据时对孤立点非常敏感,而且事先必须已知不确定数据的分布函数或概率密度,然而这在实际中往往很难获得。因此,针对UK-means在处理不确定测量数据时的不足,首先提出了基于区间数的PAM不确定聚类算法——U-PAM,该算法用区间数和标准差合理地描述了不确定测量数据的不确定性,进而完成有效的聚类;其次,针对海量不确定测量数据难以聚类的问题,基于U-PAM聚类算法,采用抽样技术提出了处理海量不确定测量数据的算法——UM-PAM算法,该算法先抽样,对样本数据聚类,然后再总体聚类;最后,基于U-PAM算法和CH聚类的有效性指标函数对聚类结果进行分析,以确定最佳聚类数。实验理论表明,所提算法聚类效果明显。     

一种基于四变量模型的系统安全性建模与分析方法

近年来,基于模型的系统安全性分析与验证方法是安全关键系统工程领域中的一个重要研究方向。提出了一种基于四变量模型的系统安全性建模与分析验证方法,该方法利用AltaRica建模语言对系统进行建模。通过对四变量模型及AltaRica进行语义研究构建二者之间的映射规则,以民用飞机中机轮刹车系统(Wheel Brake System,WBS)为例来说明整个验证过程,即首先利用四变量模型从系统的需求层次上对WBS进行需求分析并根据映射关系构建AltaRica模型,接着利用故障树分析方法对WBS进行安全性研究,最后基于AltaRica配套工具ARC对系统的安全性属性进行验证。验证结果表明了该方法在系统安全工程领域中的实用性。     

Two types of El Niño and extratropical sea-level pressure variations

This study applies the nonlinear canonical correlation analysis (NLCCA) to explore the nonlinear relationship between the sea-level pressure (SLP) anomalies over the extratropical North Pacific and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Pacific during 1985–2009. Our results suggest that the asymmetry between the warm eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño–Aleutian Low mode and the cool EP La Niña–anti-phase of the Aleutian Low mode is exhibited in the first NLCCA mode. Nonlinearity of the first NLCCA SST field is enhanced after 1998, and vice versa for the SLP field. The second NLCCA SST mode reveals weak nonlinearity representing the nonlinear central tropical Pacific (CP) El Niño–CP La Niña modes, while the second SLP field depicts the North Pacific Oscillation and anti-phase with the Aleutian Low phases. The nonlinearity of the second SST and SLP NLCCA modes is found to decrease gradually with time. During 1985–1997, the SST field exhibits linearity, while the SLP field shows weak nonlinearity. During 1997–2009, the SST and SLP fields both display weak linearity. Nonlinearity between the extratropical SLP and SST fields is further weakened from the first period. The Aleutian Low pattern could be excited by both EP and CP El Niños. Moreover, the CP El Niños have more connections with the North Pacific Oscillation state rather than the EP El Niños. Conclusively, this study reveals the asymmetric modes between the SLP and SST by the nonlinear method, and contributes to the understanding of the extratropical SLP variability response to two types El Niño events.     

3D Body Shapes Estimation from Dressed‐Human Silhouettes

Estimation of 3D body shapes from dressed‐human photos is an important but challenging problem in virtual fitting. We propose a novel automatic framework to efficiently estimate 3D body shapes under clothes. We construct a database of 3D naked and dressed body pairs, based on which we learn how to predict 3D positions of body landmarks (which further constrain a parametric human body model) automatically according to dressed‐human silhouettes. Critical vertices are selected on 3D registered human bodies as landmarks to represent body shapes, so as to avoid the time‐consuming vertices correspondences finding process for parametric body reconstruction. Our method can estimate 3D body shapes from dressed‐human silhouettes within 4 seconds, while the fastest method reported previously need 1 minute. In addition, our estimation error is within the size tolerance for clothing industry. We dress 6042 naked bodies with 3 sets of common clothes by physically based cloth simulation technique. To the best of our knowledge, We are the first to construct such a database containing 3D naked and dressed body pairs and our database may contribute to the areas of human body shapes estimation and cloth simulation.     

Robust controller design of SGCMG driven by hollow USM

This work proposes a design for robust control system of a single-gimbal control moment gyro (SGCMG) driven by a hollow ultrasonic motor. Considering the nonlinear characteristic of the whole system, the fuzzy Takage-Sugeno control theory was introduced to achieve a robust control over wide range stability. Based on the proposed control theory, the parameters of feedback control of close loop were determined, and a whole system model has been build for system simulation and robust controller research. The simulation results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm. The proposed controller was implemented on an embedded microcontroller unit through C language. On the actual system of SGCMG driven by ultrasonic motor, a sinusoidal signal speed tracking has shown that the speed error less 0.5°/s and the close loop system express a good stability over a referenced speed range of 0.2–72°/s. Step response experiments shown that the system fast response time without overshot. The experiments have verified the proposed robust control algorithm in speed, robustness and stability.     

基于时间和影响力因子的Github Pull Request评审人推荐

开源社区github提供了pull request的机制让开发者可以把自己的代码集成到github的开源项目中从而为项目做出贡献.Pull request的代码评审是github这类分布式软件开发社区维护开源项目代码质量的非常重要的方式.为一个新到来的pull request指派合适的代码评审人可以有效减少pull request从提交到开始审核的延迟.目前github是由项目核心成员人工来完成评审人的指派,为了减少这种人力损耗,我们提出代码评审人的推荐系统,该系统基于信息检索的方法,并考虑了评审人的影响力因子以及评审的时间衰减的因素,对新到来的pull request,自动推荐最相关的评审人.我们的方法对top 1的准确度达到了68%,对top 10的召回率达到了78%.