Effects of Different Gluten Proteins on Starch’s Structural and Physicochemical Properties during Heating and Their Molecular Interactions

Starch–gluten interactions are affected by biopolymer type and processing. However, the differentiation mechanisms for gluten–starch interactions during heating have not been illuminated. The effects of glutens from two different wheat flours (a weak-gluten (Yangmai 22, Y22) and a medium-strong gluten (Yangmai 16, Y16)) on starch’s (S) structural and physicochemical properties during heating and their molecular interactions were investigated in this study. The results showed that gluten hindered the gelatinization and swelling of starch during heating when temperature was below 75 °C, due to competitive hydration and physical barriers of glutens, especially in Y22. Thus, over-heating caused the long-range molecular order and amylopectin branches of starch to be better preserved in the Y22-starch mixture (Y22-S) than in the Y16-starch mixture (Y16-S). Meanwhile, the starch’s degradation pattern during heating in turn influenced the polymerization of both glutens. During heating, residual amylopectin branching points restricted the aggregation and cross-linking of gluten proteins due to steric hindrance. More intense interaction between Y16 and starch during heating mitigated the steric hindrance in starch–gluten networks, which was due to more residual short-range ordered starch and hydrogen bonds involved in the formation of starch–gluten networks in Y16-S during heating.     

Deciphering the Effect of Lysine Acetylation on the Misfolding and Aggregation of Human Tau Fragment 171IPAKTPPAPK180 Using Molecular Dynamic Simulation and the Markov State Model

The formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) with β-sheet-rich structure caused by abnormal aggregation of misfolded microtubule-associated protein Tau is a hallmark of tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s Disease. It has been reported that acetylation, especially K174 located in the proline-rich region, can largely promote Tau aggregation. So far, the mechanism of the abnormal acetylation of Tau that affects its misfolding and aggregation is still unclear. Therefore, revealing the effect of acetylation on Tau aggregation could help elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of tauopathies. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation combined with multiple computational analytical methods were performed to reveal the effect of K174 acetylation on the spontaneous aggregation of Tau peptide ¹⁷¹IPAKTPPAPK¹⁸⁰, and the dimerization mechanism as an early stage of the spontaneous aggregation was further specifically analyzed by Markov state model (MSM) analysis. The results showed that both the actual acetylation and the mutation mimicking the acetylated state at K174 induced the aggregation of the studied Tau fragment; however, the effect of actual acetylation on the aggregation was more pronounced. In addition, acetylated K174 plays a major contributing role in forming and stabilizing the antiparallel β-sheet dimer by forming several hydrogen bonds and side chain van der Waals interactions with residues I171, P172, A173 and T175 of the corresponding chain. In brief, this study uncovered the underlying mechanism of Tau peptide aggregation in response to the lysine K174 acetylation, which can deepen our understanding on the pathogenesis of tauopathies.     

Integrated UV-based photo microreactor-distillation technology toward process intensification of continuous ultra-high-purity electronic-grade silicon tetrachloride manufacture

Ultra-high-purity silicon tetrachloride (SiCl₄) is demanded as an electronic-grade chemical to meet the stringent requirements of the rapidly developing semiconductor industry. The high requirement for ultra-high-purity SiCl₄ has created the need for a high-efficient process for reducing energy consumption as well as satisfying product quality. In this paper, a mass of production technology of ultra-high-purity SiCl₄ was successfully developed through chlorination reaction in the ultraviolet (UV)-based photo microreactor coupled with the distillation process. The influences of key operational parameters, including temperature, pressure, UV wavelength and light intensity on the product quality, especially for hydrogen-containing impurities, were quantified by the infrared transmittance of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) at 2185 cm^-1 and 2160 cm^-1 indicating that characteristic vibrational modes of Si—H bonds, as well as the operating conditions of distillation were also investigated as key factors for metal impurities removing. The advanced intensification of SiCl₄ manufactured by the integration of photo microreactor and distillation achieves the products with superior specifications higher than the standard commercial products.     

基于智能手机远程监控的倒闸服务机器人系统

为解决传统模式下电力系统倒闸操作存在效率低、人力成本高的缺点,设计一种以服务机器人为平台并具有远程移动监控功能的倒闸服务机器人系统.系统本地端以搭载Android系统的ARM Cotex-A8工业开发板为主控模块,利用JNI技术实现ARM主控模块与专门定制的硬件功能模块交互通信;系统远程监控端以搭载Android系统的智能手机为远程移动监控平台,通过WiFi或3G/4G移动网络实现与服务机器人本地端网络通信.测试结果表明:服务机器人系统可以辅助倒闸操作并且实时远程监控,具有较高的可靠性、稳定性及管理的灵活性.     

基于谱相关的直接序列扩频信号参数估计

直接序列扩频信号(direct sequence spread spectrum,DSSS)是抗干扰低截获概率信号,实现其参数的估计具有重要意义。针对直扩信号载频、码元速率、相位的估计问题,结合谱相关的基本理论,提出了对直扩信号载频、码元速率、相位估计的谱相关方法。理论分析和仿真结果表明:在没有伪随机码序列及相关参数先验信息的条件下,该方法能够完成低信噪比时对信号的检测和载频、码速率、初相的估计,可有效提高计算效率。     

基于混沌电路的一种混合噪声调制雷达引信

提出了一种基于混沌电路的随机脉位调制（RPPM）和随机二相码调相（RBCPM）混合调制的雷达引信系统。介绍了该引信波形的数学模型，平均模型函数及引信的实现框图和工作原理，研究了基于混沌电路的混合调制信号的产生方法，这种引信波形不仅具有结构简单和易于处理等特点，而且具有良好的测距和测速性能，以及极低的截获概率和很强的抗干扰特性。     

烟花药剂自动混药技术

为提高烟花自动生产线中最易出现爆炸的混药工序的安全性及混药质量,提出滚筒制备发射药、响药的技术。介绍混药机的主要功能,分析其工作原理和结构,给出其工艺流程,列出混药滚筒及有效装载容量的计算方法。结果表明：该技术能实现烟花药剂的自动混药及出药功能,保证药剂混合均匀,配比精确,实现人机隔离和无人化生产,达到预期的设计要求,并已应用于双响炮自动装药装配生产线中。     

带误差补偿的二位置寻北仪设计

带误差补偿的二位置寻北仪系统包括电源、转机结构、控制电路、计数器等.其补偿算法推导基于陀螺和加速度计一次误差补偿模型,以降低陀螺随机漂移及加速度计的零位漂移对寻北精度的影响.同时再利用由典型静态误差源产生的寻北误差与方位角三角函数成正比或为常值,以罗差修正寻北结果进一步提高寻北精度.     

一种橄榄果酒的发酵工艺研究

以新鲜橄榄为原料,榨汁后采用果酒酿造工艺进行发酵,获得具有橄榄独特风味的橄榄酒。考察了酵母接种量、初始糖度、初始pH值、发酵温度、SO2添加量对橄榄酒感官评价的影度21℃,酵母接种量7%,SO2添加量70 mg/L,初始pH值3.7,初始糖度18°Bx。