Dynamics of the development of high-current pulse-periodic discharge in cesium vapor

Some peculiarities in the development of high-current pulse-periodic discharge in cesium vapor have been studied. It is established that, at a cesium vapor pressure of P _Cs > ～100 Torr, a difference between the electron temperature and that of the heavy plasma component almost does not influence the development of discharge. At P _Cs ～ 250 Torr, the character of discharge exhibits significant changes, which require further detailed investigations.     

Welded Pipes Clad with Corrosion—Resistant Steels.Experience and Prospects for Use for Oilfield Pipelines

Ensuring trouble—free operation of oil pipelines in fuel—energy systems is the most important problem in large regions of West Siberia. Many breakdowns of intrafield pipelines are basically due to corrosion fractures inside the pipes. The number of breakdowns increases with an increase in the time of development of the oil fields.     

Peculiarities of the interaction of adiabatic jets with inclined barriers

A new effect, arising in the interaction of adiabatic jets with inclined barriers, is discovered, consisting in the fact that near the barrier the jet divides into cooled and heated streams with stagnation temperatures significantly lower and higher than the stagnation temperature of the oncoming jet.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 288–291, February, 1978.     

Stirling Generators: Challenges and Opportunities

The current state of the market of Stirling generators shows that high-technology engines that have been tuned in the process of cooperation or competition between powerful corporations are winning. The main advantages of Stirling engines are the ability to use various heat sources and combustion chambers meeting environmental requirements, a low level of noise and vibration; favorable characteristics for both vehicles and stationary electric generators, and good consistency with a linear electric machine. High cost and weight—size parameters, as well as limited aggregate capacity and useful life, are constraints on the development of Stirling generators. It is a feature of a Stirling engine that the pressure-circuit, generator, and combustion-chamber parameters need to be regulated. The control system should be intelligent to provide starting conditions. Power control of a free-piston Stirling engine is usually accomplished by changing the piston stroke, which is realized a linear generator electronic control unit. At the moment, due to the development of alternative energy and distributed power supply, a potential niche for the use of Stirling generators is growing.     

Nanoscale Catalysts of Oxygen Reduction Based on Bimetallic Clusters in Hydrogen–Air Fuel Cell Operating Conditions

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - The electrochemical and power characteristics of the membrane electrode assemblies with PtCo/C, PtMn/C, PtZn/C, and PtNi/C cathode...     

Temper brittleness of structural manganese steel microalloyed with V, Mo, B

The effect of V, Mo, and B on the development of reversible temper brittleness in manganese steels having various contents of phosphorus is investigated. Special features of the embrittlement mechanism in tempering the steel at 500–550°C are described. Recommendations are given for expedient alloying and regimes of heat treatment of high-strength weldable steels. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–28, December, 1998.     

Relations between the micro and macro levels of plastic deformation in the drawing of high-carbon pearlitic steel

The deformation of pearlitic steel is considered at different scale levels. The pearlitic steel may be regarded as a nanocomposite consisting of ferrite and cementite plates. The stress-strain state of pearlitic steel in drawing may be analyzed at the micro level by means of Drawing 2d software (developed at AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland). The macro-level parameters are taken into account in the analysis.     

The reliability of the gas-filled 110 – 750 kV circuit breaker units of substations

Statistical data on the operating reliability of 110 – 750 kV gas-filled circuit breaker units in the substations of the unified national electric power grid are analyzed. The structure of outages and planned downtimes of the elements of the units, namely, the circuit breaker and its actuator, the equipment of the unit (the current and voltage transformers, the disconnectors etc.), buses and secondary circuits, are presented. Proposals for increasing the reliability of distributors are substantiated.