渣油加氢催化剂孔结构对反应活性的影响

在3L中型加氢试验装置上考察了渣油加氢脱硫催化剂孔结构对反应活性的影响，试验结果表明，当孔结构发生变化时，催化剂的脱硫、脱氮、脱残炭及脱金属反应活性呈现不同的变化规律。     

Mechanism of ZrTiO4 Synthesis by Mechanochemical Processing of TiO2 and ZrO2

High-energy ball milling initiates a solid-state reaction in an equimolar mixture of TiO₂ and ZrO₂. The first stage of ball milling induced the transformation of anatase TiO₂ to high-pressure phase TiO₂ (II), isostructural with ZrTiO₄. The formation of solid solutions monoclinic ZrO₂/TiO₂ and TiO₂ (II)/ZrO₂ was observed in the intermediate stage. Afterward, a nanosized ZrTiO₄ phase was formed in the milled product from the TiO₂ (II)/ZrO₂ solid solution. The sintering of the milled product at a temperature <1100°C was examined in situ by Raman spectroscopy. The full solid-state reaction toward ZrTiO₄ ceramic is completed at a temperature considerably lower than reported in the literature.     

葡聚糖修饰漆酶的制备及其催化特性和稳定性

将经NaIO₄氧化处理的葡聚糖（500×10³）连接在漆酶分子上以提高漆酶在酸性溶液环境中的稳定性。HPLC和SDS-PAGE分析表明葡聚糖修饰漆酶的分子量在200×10³以上。荧光光谱和圆二色性光谱分析表明修饰漆酶保持了天然漆酶的三级和二级结构。酶催化反应显示修饰漆酶与天然漆酶具有类似的底物亲和性和催化活性，而其在酸性条件下的稳定性显著提高。通过葡聚糖修饰使得漆酶在pH 3,50℃下的酶活半衰期从0. 07 h提高到17. 1 h，在含30%（体积）乙腈, pH 3下的酶活半衰期从0. 11 h提高到10. 3 h。在不同pH下测定修饰漆酶在216 nm处的圆二色性光谱，结果显示偶联葡聚糖增强了漆酶分子的结构稳定性，提高了其在高温及有机溶剂存在下的催化活性。     

在四氯化碳中合成邻硝基对甲基苯胺的研究

以对甲基苯胺为母体，合成了邻硝基对甲苯胺，产品收率在85％以上，在乙酰化，硝化反应中引入了四氯化碳溶剂，2最佳原料配比为对甲基苯胺；醋酐：硫酸＝1：1．30：1．13。改进后，每mol母体的醋酐用量由3．10mol减少至1．30mol，浓硫酸用量由3．17mol减少至1．13mol，溶剂回收率在95％以上。     

Interaction of NO and NO2 on 12-tungstophosphoric acid

On exposure of the solid 12-tungstophosphoric acid (H₃PW₁₂O₄₀· nH₂O (HPW)) to NO₂ at 150°C NO₂ is sorbed, while HNO₃ is produced. NO₂ is found to penetrate into the bulk structure whose reaction occurs with the water hydrogen-bonded to the protons to produce HNO₃. The NO₂ retained on the catalyst is stoichiometrically equivalent to the total number of protons on and in the solid. This, together with infrared spectra, suggests that NO₂ is associating (1/1) with the protons, producing a nitronium salt of the solid acid. Although insignificant quantities of NO are taken up by HPW, after exposure to NO₂, approximately stoichiometric quantities of NO are sorbed and the infrared spectra show the presence of N₂O₃.     

Structure and functional complementation of engineered fragments from yeast phosphoglycerate kinase

Previous studies have shown that, although the isolated structuraldomains of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase recover a quasi-nativestructure in vitro as well as in vivo, they do not reassociatenor generate a functional enzyme. The aim of this work was firstto study the folding of complementary fragments different fromstructural domains and second to determine the requirementsfor their reassociation and functional complementation. Themethod used for producing rigorously defined fragments consistsof the introduction of a unique cysteinyl residue in the proteinfollowed by a specific cleavage by 5'5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate)/potassiumcyanide at this residue. Two pairs of complementary fragmentswere thus obtained, 1–96/97–415 and 1–248/249–415.The structure and stabilities of the different fragments werestudied. The short fragments, i.e. 1–96 and 249–415were found to contain some secondary structure, but to havea low stability. Each large fragment has a high structural contentand a stability close to that of the corresponding domain. Incontrast to that observed with the isolated domains, a weakbut significant complementation was observed for the two pairsof fragments; the pair of fragments 1–248/249–415recovered 8% of the activity of the native enzyme upon complementation.An independent refolding of the complementary fragments beforereassociation decreased the yield of complementation for thepair of fragments 1–96/97–415, but did not affectthe complementation for the other pair (1–248/249–415).From the present data and previous work on the isolated domains,it appears that the correct folding of the isolated fragmentsis not a prerequisite for their complementation.     

Protecting biodegradable coatings releasing antimicrobial agents

This article describes the synthesis and in vitro analysis of poly(ester anhydride) antimicrobial protection coatings. Poly(ester anhydride)s composed of ricinoleic acid, sebacic acid, terephthalic acid, and isophthalic acid were used in this study. The polymers were compatible with various fillers commonly used in paint preparation. The in vitro experiments showed that the polymers are able to release diuron, an antimicrobial agent, for months. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

磷铝酸盐水泥浆体的抗冻性研究

抗冻性是砼耐久性的重要方面,尤其影响北方地区砼工程的使用寿命。引气能提高砼的抗冻性,但同时又存在气泡的稳定性问题和砼其他性能的受损问题。若能提高砼中水泥浆体的抗冻性,则对提高砼耐久性更有意义。作者从宏观和微观两方面研究了磷铝酸盐水泥浆体的抗冻性,同时与硅酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥浆体进行了比较;采用压汞测孔方法测试了三种水泥浆体冻融前后的孔结构,并用分形理论分析了各自特征。结果证实:磷铝酸盐水泥具有优越的抗冻融性能,其自身优良的水化特性以及体系的低碱度是良好抗冻性的内在原因。     

Restructuring butterfat through blending and chemical interesterification. 3. Rheology

Interesterified and noninteresterified butterfat-canola oil blends, ranging from 100% butterfat to 60∶40 butterfat-canola oil (w/w) in 10% increments, were evaluated for hardness index (HI), dropping point, viscosity, and viscoelastic properties at small deformation. Both blending and chemical interesterification diminished HI in a nonlinear fashion. HI changes in interesterified blends were more pronounced than in noninteresterified blends. Dropping points yielded information on the structure of the blends. Butterfat’s dropping point (DP) was 34.4°C, whereas that of interesterified butterfat was 37.0°C, which is indicative of a more structured network for the latter. DP values of blends with 60–90% butterfat (interesterified vs. noninteresterified) were not significantly different (P<0.05). Interesterified blends had a higher crystallization onset temperature than did noninteresterified blends. All blends in the liquid state displayed Newtonian behavior. Oscillatory frequency sweep measurements at small amplitude showed that interesterified blends generally had lower storage moduli (G′) than their noninteresterified counterparts. BothG′ andG″ were frequency-dependent. Replacement of 30% butterfat by canola oil led to notable changes in small deformation measurements, whereas replacement of 20% butterfat led to big changes in large deformation measurements.