New balance ground relay for parallel four-circuit transmission lines

A 66-kV network generally is grounded through a neutral grounding resistor. In this network a single-phase ground-fault current is limited to as small as 100 to 400 A. There are parallel four-circuit transmission lines mounted on the same tower in the 66-kV network. In such transmission lines, the load and the fault currents could induce circulating current that flows through the lines. Since the circulating current has zero-phase-sequence and negative-phase-sequence components, it could cause unwanted operation of a balance ground relay using zero-phase-sequence current. However, it is difficult to compensate for the circulating current by the conventional vector compensation scheme. This paper presents a new balance ground relay to deal with the circulating current. In the relay from the ground-fault inception until first tripping, the difference current Δ3I_2d of negative-phase-sequence current 3I_2d of the differential current between two protected lines is used as an input current. The Δ3I_2d is the difference current of 3I_2d between, before and during faults. After the first tripping, the difference current of positive-phase-sequence load current and zero-phase-sequence current of the forementioned differential current are used as an input current. Consequently, a higher sensitivity of the ground-fault protection for these lines has been achieved. The correct operation of the new balance ground relay was confirmed when a single-phase-ground-fault occurred in the parallel four-circuit transmission lines, to which the relay is applied.     

Different susceptibility to phospholipase A2 treatment of the fluorescence intensity changes in the vicinity of Cys-964 and Lys-501 in the alpha-chain of probe-labeled Na+,K(+)-ATPase

Phospholipase A2 [EC 3.1.1.4] treatment of pig kidney Na+,K(+)-ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] labeled with fluorescence probes at the alpha-chain reduced the extent of the fluorescence intensity change of an N-[p-(2-benzimidazolyl)phenyl]maleimide (BIPM) probe at Cys-964 to below one-third of the control level accompanying the accumulation of phosphoenzymes. However, it only induced a slight decrease in that of a fluorescence isothiocyanate (FITC) probe at Lys-501 with a large decrease in the rate of change. The addition of phosphatidylserine (PS) or phosphatidylinositol (PI) to the phospholipase-treated BIPM-FITC-labeled enzyme increased the rate of the FITC fluorescence change. Phospholipase treatment of the BIPM-enzyme greatly reduced the Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity. The addition of PS or PI to the treated enzyme induced reactivation. These data and others suggest that Cys-964 and Glu-953 (Rb+ protectable dicyclohexyl carbodiimide binding site) are located in the vicinity of the surface area of the enzyme where hydrocarbon chains of phospholipids are present, and conserved H-bonding amino acids, Thr-955 and Ser-962, are located rather near the center of a domain forming a cation binding route or cage with other hydrophobic transmembrane segments. These data may indicate that the interaction between the BIPM probe and the hydrocarbon chains of phospholipids changes in such a way as to sense the change in the binding state of various ligands accompanying the sequential appearance of reaction intermediates of the enzyme.     

KCl与NaCl在低盐固态法酱油发酵中的应用比较

对KCl与NaCl在低盐固态酱油发酵中的应用进行了比较研究。结果表明：用KCl代替NaCl，KCl的浓度要高于NaCl才能抑制发酵期间杂茵的污染，且使用KCl的发酵效果比NaCl要好。     

不同灌溉条件下的水稻需水规律及水分生产率分析

稻田需水量包括植株蒸腾、棵间蒸发、田间渗漏3部分。研究表明，水稻在充分供水条件下所形成的蒸腾量中包含了一部分无效蒸腾，无效蒸腾量的减少不会影响作物的生长发育，反而会有不同程度的增产和优质效应。节水灌溉技术的推广产生了明显的经济与社会效益。结合当地实际情况采用3种常见的灌溉方式探讨了不同灌溉方式下水稻的需水规律、灌概定额和生产率的差异，为水稻节水高效栽培提供理论与技术依据。     

区域内旱情监测站点的布设研究

本文对北京通州辖区范围内组织的大规模的土壤墒情调查数据进行总结。基于地理统计、空间分析以及统计学知识，分析了北京通州旱情分布形势。运用数值分类学的知识对测量数据进行了聚类分析，同时用DB(DaviesBouldin)指标准则研究了区域内合理布设旱情监测站的数量及位置，为建立旱情监测站点提供了理论依据。     

多属性神经网络地震反演在NB油田水平井钻探中的应用

NB油田位于渤海海域,为新近系河流相稠油油田,储层横向分布不稳定,砂体厚度薄、连通性较差,油水关系复杂,开发设计部署了大量水平井。选择神经网络反演方法,建立地震属性与储层参数的非线性关系,进而根据其关系反演得到储层参数数据体,利用该数据体沿层切片提取储层预测信息,研究储层发育规律,指导该油田水平井的部署和钻探,取得了较好的效果,降低了钻探风险。用神经网络地震反演方法进行储层预测研究,指导水平井钻探,在渤海海域尚属首次。     

国家战略发展新能源股价长期走牛可期待

严峻的能源短缺、居高不下的原油价格、日益严重的环境问题已经成为制约中国经济、社会发展的瓶颈。改变现有的以化石能源为主的能源结构,     

基于多信道预约可冲突避免的多址接入协议

本文为多跳分布多无线网络提出了一套灵活而有效的自适应获取冲突避免（AACA）的多址接入协议。在该协议中，各节点竞争公共信道，利用RTS/CTS对话形式来预约各业务信道，成功预约后的分组传输不会受到其他节点的干扰。它使用任意确定数目信道，以异步方式工作，并且使得各节点利用半双工无线电台就可以灵活、简便地实现资源预约。分析和比较结果说明，所提出的多信道预约协议可以有效地解决隐藏终端、暴露终端以及侵入终端的问题。     

基于图像的虚拟环境建模技术

综述了基于图像的虚拟现实环境的建模技术，并给出了各种模型表示的理论依据和建模过程的定义。把环境表示分为四类：全景图，光场数据库，深度图像和多投影中心图。全景图的生成包括基于图像相关性和基于图像整合变换的算法。光场数据库的分类主要依据全光函数。同时论述了在各种表示下的采样和建模技术。最后讨论了当前建模技术研究的热点及所需要解决的问题。     

Application of Code Approach for Emergency Evacuation in a Rail Station

This paper presents an emergency evacuation analysis during a mid-platform train fire in an underground rail station. A time-based evacuation scenario is developed taking into account the stairway inaccessibility due to smoke blockage. The calculation approach in NFPA 130 is then applied to a parametric study of this time-based scenario and its reliability is examined using a micro-simulation model. Both methods give consistent predictions of the exiting times. The results demonstrate that with the division of the station into two zones, the exiting time could not meet the code requirements, whereas it does meet the required exiting time without the division. Such division is due to smoke blockage and creates an uneven ratio of the occupant load to the available exiting capacity. This shows that appropriate consideration of the fire and smoke effects is important for station egress evaluation. Other issues such as the fire growth rate and the pre-evacuation time are also discussed.