An Experimental Study on Three General Interface Layout Designs for Chemical Process Plants

The human‐machine interface design is not a new problem; however, existing knowledge appears to be focused either on interface conceptual design, which determines what information at what time needs to be displayed, or on interface detailed design, which determines the form of display elements. This article presents a study on interface layout design. Three interface layout designs were proposed based on the proximity compatibility priniciple, which were on the same interface conceptual design. In particular, the first interface layout design is with the highest degree of proximity cognition and the second and third with a reduced degree of proximity cognition. They are called sophisticated, semisophisticated, and nonsophisticated interfaces, respectively. An experiment with a simple process plant was conducted to understand user behaviors on the three interfaces. It is noted that in order to provide an unbiased comparative evaluation of these interfaces the same application problem and similar look‐and‐feel forms of interfaces were designed. In the experiment, three general classes of tasks were considered, namely, normal control operation, fault detection (or monitoring), and fault diagnosis. Two categories of measures were used: the performance measure and the subjective measure. The major results obtained from the experiment are 1) the nonsophisticated interface is the best for fault detections in terms of performance measure; besides, this interface has the lowest mental workload for fault detection; 2) the sophisticated interface is the best for normal operation in terms of performance measure; 3) there appears no significant difference for fault diagnosis in terms of performance measures for all these three interfaces; 4) for normal operation and fault diagnosis, the mental workloads for the three interfaces have no significant difference. Overall, the experiment suggests that the nonsophisticated interface be used in practice with additional two reasons: 1) most of time in the chemical process plant today is the fault detection or operation monitoring task, and 2) it is relatively easier for the nonsophisticated interface to adapt to changes in the chemical process plant design, which are common in today's manufacturing environments.     

论包装色彩设计中的多维构架

文章从色彩因子在包装中的运用和色彩的不同属性入手,研究了包装色彩的释义及美学特征。进而从基础属性、支柱属性、以及高级属性等不同维度,阐述包装色彩设计的总体要求。从理论上论证了用多维构架思维进行包装色彩设计的合理性,为包装色彩设计提供了可以借鉴的思路。     

物联网中的信息安全与防范措施

随着信息化社会的不断发展,物联网以其广泛、便捷等特点备受关注。物联网的出现,为互联网的普及提供了一个良好的基础平台。物联网是继计算机、互联网之后又一信息化飞跃,将为信息化生活的加快带来极大的机遇与挑战。并且物联网共享的数据与人们的生活息息相关,这决定了物联网信息的广泛性和敏感性。对物联网中的信息安全和防范措施提出了更高的要求。     

A Balanced Approach to IT Transformation

The continuous improvement strategies necessary in today's climate of random change mandate that IT organizations transform the way they relate to other business units, deploy new technology, and organize and develop their people. Crafting an individualized transformation program that balances efforts in each of these areas will help IT managers add value to the bottom line while achieving real gains in customer service and productivity.     

黄河下游斜河形成机理分析

研究了不同条件下概化复式断面的水沙分布规律,定量分析了黄河下游河道斜河产生的机理,结果表明:复式断面滩、槽流速和挟沙力存在较大差异,易引起横向冲淤变化,在一定程度上促进了斜河的发展;河道水、沙量的剧烈变化均能引起河道水深和水面比降的快速变化,导致河道断面流速和挟沙力的显著增大或减小,引起主槽的大量淤积,改变原有的流路形成斜河;对于束窄河段,由于河道断面宽窄相间,且存在滩洲,因此当局部淤积较大时,易引起主流的偏离并形成斜河.     

Pulse-order recursive method for inverse covariance matrix computation applied to space-time adaptive processing

The conventional space-time adaptive processing(STAP) method such as the typical sample matrix inversion(SMI)-based STAP method is difficult to implement for a practical system because intense computational complexity arises in calculating the inversion of a space-time covariance matrix directly.According to the block Hermitian matrix property of space-time covariance matrix,a new pulse-order recursive method is proposed in this paper to calculate the inverse covariance matrix for the STAP adaptive weight,which can reduce the computational complexity significantly.The proposed method requires initially calculating the inverse covariance matrix of the first pulse-order recursively based on the block Hermitian matrix property.In the following,the inversion of space-time covariance matrix is obtained recursively based on the previous pulse-order inverse covariance matrix.Next,the STAP adaptive weight is calculated based on the inversion space-time covariance matrix previously obtained.Compared with the conventional SMI-based STAP algorithms,the computational complexity of the proposed method is reduced to more than 50% for the same clutter suppression performance.This method can be applied to practical systems benefiting from small computational complexity and stable clutter suppression performance.     

测量机器人在三角网测量中的应用分析

简述了TCA2003测量机器人全圆观测法机载软件的组成与特点。以陈村水电站大坝的三角网观测为应用实例,基于对其测量平差成果的精度及测量时间分析,将其与传统人工观测的效率进行比较,证明了测量机器人测量的优越性。指出了一些仪器使用及机载软件存在的问题,对自动目标识别（ATR）仪器机载软件的应用开发具有指导作用。     

浅析电子万年历设计

本设计以单片机技术为核心,数字集成电路技术为基础.首先对系统硬件工作原理予以描述,重点介绍了各硬件接口技术和各个接口模块的功能;然后详细的阐述了程序的各个模块和实现过程.     

浅谈OTDR测试曲线分析

OTDR(光时域反射仪)作为光链路测量、故障排除的常用仪器被广泛使用.对仪表参数的正确设置和测试结果的正确解读是使用前提和基础.本文以OTDR测试曲线的分析为主线,浅显的向大家介绍了OTDR的基本测试原理以及测试曲线形成的相关理论知识,并结合自己在OTDR使用过程中的一些经验,总结分析了光链路中的事件等与测试曲线的关系.希望本文能给大家在今后 OTDR的使用中带来点滴帮助.