IGBT模块焊料老化状态监测方法及热网络模型优化

焊料老化是绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)模块内部传热能力退化和结温估计偏离的主要诱因。利用壳温与焊料老化程度间的对应规律构建了两者的量化关系,提出了焊料老化状态监测方法。采用与功率损耗无关的参数对恶化Cauer热网络(CTN)有效传热面积进行表征,提出了焊料裂纹诱导的结温低估补偿机制;考虑温度相关的异质材料导热系数及比热容参量,抑制了温升引起的材料传热特性退化影响。在此基础上,通过对传统CTN模型的优化,克服了传热路径无法自适应配置问题。仿真结果表明,所提方法可有效减小传热退化对模型计算结果的影响,实现对IGBT模块热行为动态变化的精确模拟,且结温估计结果相较传统CTN模型的更为精确。     

基于LabVIEW的磨削加工声发射监测系统设计

从枢架体系结构和技术体系结构两个方面介绍了面向CNC磨床声发射监测系统的体系结构,研究了系统的实现方法,并建立了原型系统.     

Rear‐Passivated Ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Films by Al2O3 Nanostructures Using Glancing Angle Deposition Toward Photovoltaic Devices with Enhanced Efficiency

In this work, for the first time, the addition of aluminum oxide nanostructures (Al₂O₃ NSs) grown by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) is investigated on an ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ device (400 nm) fabricated using a sequential process, i.e., post‐selenization of the metallic precursor layer. The most striking observation to emerge from this study is the alleviation of phase separation after adding the Al₂O₃ NSs with improved Se diffusion into the non‐uniformed metallic precursor due to the surface roughness resulting from the Al₂O₃ NSs. In addition, the raised Na concentration at the rear surface can be attributed to the increased diffusion of Na ion facilitated by Al₂O₃ NSs. The coverage and thickness of the Al₂O₃ NSs significantly affects the cell performance because of an increase in shunt resistance associated with the formation of Na₂Se_X and phase separation. The passivation effect attributed to the Al₂O₃ NSs is well studied using the bias‐EQE measurement and J–V characteristics under dark and illuminated conditions. With the optimization of the Al₂O₃ NSs, the remarkable enhancement in the cell performance occurs, exhibiting a power conversion efficiency increase from 2.83% to 5.33%, demonstrating a promising method for improving ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ devices, and providing significant opportunities for further applications.     

基于连续小波变换的多数据心率提取方法

针对多普勒雷达生命体征检测时强谐波干扰问题,提出一种基于连续小波变换特征提取的改进方法。首先,针对特征信号选择多组不同时间长度的数据集;然后,在小波域分别进行连续小波变换。根据频谱峰值位置是否与数据时间长度相关,识别呼吸信号、呼吸谐波和心跳信号提取心率信息,并对频率分辨率进行分析。实验结果表明:采用文中提出的方法利用4 s~5 s的数据即可检测出心率,当频率分辨率要求为0.1 Hz 时,该方法在有效消除谐波和快速识别心率方面得到了较为满意的效果。     

强相干干扰下基于二阶锥规划的圆弧阵宽带二维成像

该文针对水下目标2维成像在强相干干扰情况下,目标亮点容易被淹没的问题,以及圆弧阵波束的高旁瓣给图像检测带来较多虚警的缺陷,提出基于二阶锥规划的宽带2维成像优化方法。该方法在对相干干扰抑制的同时,很好地控制了波束的旁瓣。分析了2维成像算法流程中由于时域滑窗导致阵列的接收信号矢量与阵列流形不同,造成二阶锥规划设计的权值与阵列的接收信号矢量失配,旁瓣控制和零陷设计无法满足设计的要求。针对该问题提出利用计算出的滑窗理论阵列的接收信号矢量代替阵列流形来进行二阶锥权值设计的方法,通过改进的二阶锥权值,将波束优化与圆弧阵的2维成像优化相结合。计算机仿真和水池实验都验证了该方法的有效性。     

具有简单线性补偿和准谐振导通的原边控制的单级反激式LED驱动器

A single-stage flyback driving integrated circuit （IC） for light-emitting diodes （LEDs） is proposed. With an average primary-side current estimation and negative feedback networks, the driver operates in the boundary conduction mode （BCM）, while the output current can be derived and regulated precisely. By means of a simple external resistor divider, a compensation voltage is produced on the ISEN pin during the turn-on period of the primary MOSFET to improve the line regulation performance. On the other hand, since the delay time between the time that the secondary diode current reaches zero and the turn-on time of the MOSFET can be automatically adjusted, the MOSFET can always turn on at the valley voltage even if the inductance of the primary winding varies with the output power, resulting in quasi-resonant switching for different primary inductances. The driving IC is fabricated in a Dongbu HiTek＇s 0.35μm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS process. An 18 W LED driver is finally built and tested. Results show that the driver has an average efficiency larger than 86%, a power factor larger than 0.97, and works under the universal input voltage （85-265 V） with the LED current variation within ±0.5%.     

移动增值业务新发展刍议

国内电信业务运营收入陷入了一定的增长瓶颈,而移动增值业务的新发展则是突破瓶颈的关键点之一.电信运营商通过参考互联网企业百花齐放的业务创新点和通过用户培养迅速发展壮大业务并获得丰厚的回报,进一步秉承作为国家基础设施服务供应商持续服务普通大众和贡献社会的基本责任.移动增值业务通过在现有运营业务基础上发展新的模式,在短信、彩信、彩铃以及其他业务或平台上积极发展广告业务进行新的尝试,电信运营商将在新阶段获得跨越发展的新动能.     

Electrically Reconfigurable 3D Spin-Orbitronics

The explosive demands of storage capacity and the von Neumann bottleneck of modern computer architectures trigger many innovations in information technology. Amongst them, nonvolatile spintronics attract considerable attentions for which can embed the computation capability into memory, enable neuromorphic, and probabilistic computing. These exciting progresses typically rely on the manipulation of the relative magnetization orientations of two magnetic layers. By extending to 3D spintronic architectures made of multiple magnetic layers (n), the exponentially increased 2ⁿ magnetic states can provide ample opportunities for implementing novel spintronic functionalities. Here, through building perpendicularly magnetized 3D spin-orbitronic architectures – [Pt/Fe_1−xTb_x/Si₃N₄]_n multilayers, it is demonstrated the electrical programing of 2ⁿ memory states via current-induced spin–orbit torques (SOTs), and the accompanied reconfigurable multifunction in-memory logic features in a single four-terminal Hall device. Further, an electrical readout of these 2ⁿ states, together with the implementation of Boolean logic gates and digital circuitry such as 2–4 and 3–8 decoders, are successfully conducted. More complex logic circuits are also envisioned. The experiments thus substantiate 3D spin-orbitronic structures as a promising platform for exponentially boosting the storage capacity and accommodating in-memory computing that can be important for promoting the emerging 3D nanospintronics.     

Transparent,Anisotropic Biofilm with Aligned Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers

Cellulose nanofibrils are attractive as building blocks for advanced photonic, optoelectronic, microfluidic, and bio‐based devices ranging from transistors and solar cells to fluidic and biocompatible injectable devices. For the first time, an ultrastrong and ultratough cellulose film, which is composed of densely packed bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibrils with hierarchical fibril alignments, is successfully demonstrated. The molecular level alignment stems from the intrinsic parallel orientation of crystalline cellulose molecules produced by Acetobacter xylinum. These aligned long‐chain cellulose molecules form subfibrils with a diameter of 2–4 nm, which are further aligned to form nanofibril bundles. The BC film yields a record‐high tensile strength (≈1.0 GPa) and toughness (≈25 MJ m^?3). Being ultrastrong and ultratough, yet the BC film is also highly flexible and can be folded into desirable shapes. The BC film exhibits a controllable manner of alignment and is highly transparent with modulated optical properties, paving the way to enabling new functionalities in mechanical, electrical, fluidic, photonics, and biocompatible applications.     

Statistical estimation of average power dissipation usingnonparametric techniques

In this paper, we present a new statistical technique for estimation of average power dissipation in digital circuits. The present parametric statistical technique estimates the average power based on the assumption that the power distribution can be characterized by a preassumed function. Large error can incur when the assumption is not met. On the other hand, the existing nonparametric technique, although accurate, is too conservative and requires a large sample size in order to achieve convergence. For a good tradeoff between simulation accuracy and computational efficiency, we propose a new nonparametric technique using the properties of the order statistics. It is generally applicable to any type of circuit irrespective of its power distribution function. Compared to the existing nonparametric technique, it is much more computationally efficient since it requires a much smaller sample size to achieve the same accuracy specification. This new technique is implemented in the distribution-independent power estimation tool (DIPE). DIPE is empirically demonstrated to be more robust and accurate than the parametric technique