Physicochemical, textural, sensory characteristics and storage stability of goat meat patties extended with full-fat soy paste and soy granules

The performance of full‐fat soy paste (FFSP) with reduced beany flavour made by simple processing technology was compared with the commercially available textured soy granules in goat meat patties. Addition of soy proteins (soy paste and soy granules) did not significantly affect the emulsion stability and product yield. Shrinkage of patties with soy paste was comparable with control. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction in redness and increase in yellowness of patties was due to addition of soy proteins than in control. Patties with soy paste had comparable but slightly higher total lipid and cholesterol content with that of control but significantly (P < 0.05) higher than patties with soy granules. Lower force was required to compress or shear the sample, as hardness decreased in soy‐added patties. Flavour and overall acceptability scores between control and patties with soy paste did not differ significantly, whereas patties with soy granules were rated significantly lower. The patties remained stable with minor changes in physicochemical, microbiological and sensory quality during refrigerated storage (4 ± 1 °C) for 20 days. It is concluded from this study that FFSP had potential application similar to commercially available textured soy granules in comminuted meat products.     

Controlling the LSPR properties of Au triangular nanoprisms and nanoboxes by geometrical parameter: a numerical investigation

We have simulated the extinction spectra of Au triangular nanoprisms and nanoboxes by finite difference time domain method. It is found that the refractive index sensitivity increases linearly and near exponentially as the aspect ratio of nanoprisms increases and wall thickness of nanoboxes decreases, respectively. A sensing figure of merit (FOM) calculation shows that there is an optimum wall thickness for each edge length and height of the box, which makes them to be promising candidates for effective sensing applications. We have also shown that the higher FOM in triangular nanoboxes compared to the cubic nanoboxes and other solid structure is inherent in the shape of nanoparticles.     

Size-dependent magnetic and dielectric properties of Tb-doped BiFeO3 nanoparticles

Pure and Tb-doped BiFeO₃ nanoparticles have been prepared by sol–gel method. The nanoparticles of different size have been obtained by the calcination of synthesized nanoparticles at different temperatures. The effects of Tb doping and size of nanoparticles on the crystal structure, magnetic and electrical properties have been studied. The partial substitution of Tb ions results in a change from rhombohedral (x = 0) to orthorhombic (x = 0.15) structure. The average crystallite size varies from 14 to 40 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles possess ferromagnetic behavior. The saturation magnetization is high for the Tb-doped BiFeO₃ nanoparticles calcined at 450 °C, and it decrease with the increase of size. The dielectric constant and loss improve with Tb doping and size. The relaxation behavior of dielectric loss is of Debye type. The dielectric loss peaks shift to the lower frequencies with increase in the size of Tb-doped BiFeO₃ nanoparticles.     

Development of Cooling System for Gyrotron Collector

In this paper, the development of cooling system for 42 GHz, 200 kW gyrotron collector is presented. The design of the cooling duct has been finalized after different analyses such as, the fluid analysis, the thermal analysis, the structural analysis, etc. All analyses have been carried out by ANSYS software and the development of the cooling system based on the final design is performed.     

Oxide Scale Morphology and Chromium Evaporation Characteristics of Alloys for Balance of Plant Applications in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

This article compares chromium evaporation characteristics of chromia- and alumina-forming alloys at high temperatures [1123 K and 1223 K (800 °C to 950 °C)] in humid air (3 and 12 pct H₂O) and presents a mechanistic understanding of variation in chromium evaporation on the basis of their oxide scale morphologies. For this study, an alloy from each of the distinct chromia-forming, alumina-forming, and chromia-alumina transition characteristics was selected (i.e., an alumina-forming alloy (Aluchrom YHf), a chromia-forming alloy (AISI 310S-austentic stainless steel), and an alloy that undergoes transition from chromia to alumina formation (Nicrofer6025 HT)). For generating baseline chromium evaporation data, pure chromium oxide was also tested. The chromium evaporation rate decreased in the order pure chromium oxide > AISI 310S > Nicrofer6025 HT > Aluchrom YHf. Surface morphologies, cross sections, and chemical characteristics of oxide scales were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and focused ion beam. The variation in chromium evaporation of different alloys is explained on the basis of physical and chemical characteristics of the oxide scales.     

Formation of artificial solid electrolyte interphase by grafting for improving Li-ion intercalation and preventing exfoliation of graphite

Various grafting methods for surface modification of graphite powder are reported. p-Carboxylic benzene diazonium salt has been grafted on graphite powder using different grafting methods namely electrochemical grafting, in situ grafting aqueous, in situ grafting non-aqueous, and spontaneous grafting. Each grafting method results in a different loading of the surface organic layer, which is quantified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Grafted graphite powders exhibit controlled solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) morphology, Li-ion intercalation, and averted exfoliation. Grafted graphite powders were further modified by transformation of the terminal functional group of the grafted surface layer by chemical or electrochemical treatments. This step tunes the reactivity of grafted material towards non-aqueous electrolyte, which is reflected in modified electrochemical properties like formation of SEI, overall Li-ion intercalation/deintercalation kinetics, cyclability, practical specific charge, and eventual exfoliation of graphite. The morphology of the grafted samples is retained after electrochemical cycling as well as after functional group transformation steps. The morphology of the SEI is also seen to be similar to that of the grafted layer in all the cases. These methods offer a pathway for tuning SEI properties and preventing exfoliation of graphite in propylene carbonate based electrolyte.     

Gamma-induced polymerization and grafting of a novel phosphorous-, nitrogen-, and sulfur-containing monomer on cotton fabric to impart flame retardancy

Diethyl (acryloyloxy) ethylthiophosphoramidate (DEAETPN), a novel phosphorus-, nitrogen-, and sulfur-containing monomer, was synthesized in a two-step reaction. The monomer was polymerized and grafted onto cotton fabric by gamma radiation method. Effect of methyl methacrylate (MMA) on percentage grafting (Pg) of DEAETPN on cotton fabric was studied, and it was found that small amount of MMA increases Pg on cotton fabric. The monomer, polymer, and the grafted cotton fabric were characterized by spectroscopic and thermogravimetric techniques. Flame retardant property of the modified cotton fabric was studied by the Shirley Manual Flammability Tester. The flame retardancy of cotton-g-DEAETPN by gamma radiation method and living radical polymerization method was compared. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Luminescent quantum clusters of gold in transferrin family protein, lactoferrin exhibiting FRET

We report the synthesis of highly luminescent, water soluble quantum clusters (QCs) of gold, which are stabilized by an iron binding transferrin family protein, lactoferrin (Lf). The synthesized AuQC@Lf clusters were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL), matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), FTIR spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy along with picosecond-resolved lifetime measurements. Detailed investigations with FTIR and CD spectroscopy have revealed changes in the secondary structure of the protein in the cluster. We have also studied F?rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) occurring between the protein and the cluster. The ability of the clusters to sense cupric ions selectively at ppm concentrations was tested. The stability of clusters in widely varying pH conditions and their continued luminescence make it feasible for them to be used for intracellular imaging and molecular delivery, particularly in view of Lf protection.     

G-quartet type self-assembly of guanine functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes

The simple strategy of linking guanine to single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through covalent functionalization permitted generation of the alignment of the nanotubes into lozenges reminiscent of guanine quartets (G-quartets) in the presence of potassium ions as observed by atomic force microscopy.