烧成系统NOx的形成及排放控制技术介绍

煤燃烧过程中污染物的形成、迁徙、排放和抑制规律、NOx污染控制技术等是煤燃烧领域重点研究的内容。文章分析了水泥工业回转窑中煤粉燃烧过程中NOx的形成机理，并针对NOx的形成机理和影响因素，探讨了水泥工业相关的低NOx燃烧技术。目前，较为实际的方法是采取空气分级燃烧技术和设计出科学的燃烧器二种。     

Calendering of non-newtonian fluids

The calendering of non-Newtonian fluids by two rotating cylinders to produce thin films of fluids finds wide application in polymer sheet-making and food-drying industries. Theoretical work has previouly been devoted to the symmetrical case where the cylinders are of equal diameters rotating at the same speed. The present work proposes a new one-film theory of calendering of power law fluids for unequal radii and surface velocities of the calendering cylinders. The relationship between the dimensionless thickness of the calendered fluid, Δ_e^* and that of the incoming fluid, Δ_i^* is shown to be a function of the ratio of the surface velocities of the cylinders and the power law index. The result further shows that Δ_e^* tends to asymptote after the second decade of Δ_i^*     

Alternative hydrocarbon solvents for cottonseed extraction: Plant trials

Hexane has been used for decades to extract oil from cottonseed and is still the solvent of choice for the edible-oil industry. Due to increased regulations as a result of the 1990 Clean Air Act and potential health risks, the edible-oil extraction industry urgently needs an alternate hydrocarbon solvent to replace hexane. Based on laboratory-scale extraction tests, two hydrocarbon solvents, heptane and isohexane, were recommended as potential replacements for hexane. A cottonseed processing mill with a 270 MT/day (300 tons/day) capacity agreed to test both solvents with their expander-solvent process. Extraction efficiencies of isohexane and heptane, judged by extraction time and residual oil in meal, refined and bleached color of miscella refined oil, and solvent loss, were comparable to that of hexane. However, fewer problems were encountered with the lower-boiling isohexane than with the higher-boiling heptane. With isohexane, the daily throughput increased more than 20%, and natural gas consumption decreased more than 40% as compared to hexane.     

Surface morphology and nodule formation mechanism of cellulose acetate membranes by atomic force microscopy

By the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM), formation mechanism of nodular structure in cellulose acetate membranes was systematically investigated. Elementary factors affecting the nodule formation were delineated on the basis of both kinetic and thermodynamic considerations. It was shown that (1) the exact nature of nodular structure is thermodynamic equilibrium glassy state; nodular structure will vanish in the rubbery state; (2) the thermodynamic factor affecting nodule formation is the membrane formation temperature; with the membrane formation temperature decreasing, more chain segments are able to form nodular structures; (3) nodule formation is dependent on the segment rearrangement; variation of the solvent environment is the major kinetic factor affecting the segment rearrangement and nodule formation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1328–1335, 2003     

磁盘阵列环境下的取证目标系统重构

封存原始硬盘与业务系统服务的连续性是计算机取证中面临的一对矛盾。在独立硬盘环境中,问题的解决并不困难,但在磁盘阵列(RAID)环境下,目前还缺乏有效的解决办法。为此,为RAID环境下的取证目标系统的重构提出一套解决方案,并设计实现其中关键任务的处理软件。实验表明,该方法可适用于不同RAID等级、不同操作系统下的系统重构,使得用户感受不到重构得到的系统与原系统有任何差异。与数据同步方法相比,该方法可以有效地减少重构的时间开销,且不会破坏原始证据硬盘上的数据。     

Interactions between Cytochrome c and DNA Strands Self-Assembled at Gold Electrode

In this work, we reported the investigation on the interaction between DNA strands self-assembled at gold electrodes and an electron transfer protein, cytochrome c. We observed that cytochrome c exhibited well-defined electrochemistry in both double-stranded and single-stranded DNA films. This suggested that the electron transfer reaction of cytochrome c arose possibly due to the electron hopping along DNA strands rather than wiring along the double helix. We also compared the heterogeneous electron transfer rate of cytochrome c with that of a ruthenium complex, which further confirmed this mechanism.     

Preparation of NaBiO3 and the electrochemical characteristic of manganese dioxide doped with NaBiO3

NaBiO₃ crystal of high purity has been synthesized through chemical oxidization. The morphology and thermal stability of NaBiO₃ were examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The electrochemical properties of MnO₂ electrodes with and without doping NaBiO₃ were studied through galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry. The results indicate that the MnO₂ electrode doped with NaBiO₃ possesses remarkably higher discharge voltage and capacity and better reversibility than the pure MnO₂ electrode and Bi₂O₃ doping MnO₂ electrode.     

Consolidation of Nano-Sized TiN Powders by Spark Plasma Sintering

Nano-sized TiN powders with an average particle size of 19 nm were synthesized via a new method, reduction–nitridation reaction in liquid ammonia. A consolidation procedure using spark plasma sintering (SPS) was used, and a dense TiN ceramic (>98% of theoretical) with mean grain size of 100–150 nm was obtained at 1380°C. The influence of sintering temperature on grain growth and microstructural evolution was also discussed.     

Photochemical degradation of glassy polyesters of low softening point

The photodegradation of polyesters prepared by the reaction of o-phthalic, adipic, and “dimer” acids with ethylene glycol has been studied. The polyesters softened at temperatures in the range of 25–50°C. Polymer films were irradiated in air by means of a medium pressure mercury lamp and the extent of formation of COOH groups determined by infrared spectroscopy. The films were also irradiated in vacuo and in air by means of a high-pressure mercury lamp, and the volatile products, consisting mainly of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, were determined by gas chromatography. The results are interpreted in terms of simultaneous Norrish type I and type II decompositions of the polyesters. The type I process accounts for the formation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the absence of air. The enhanced yield of carbon dioxide in irradiations performed in air is ascribed to the formation of hydroperoxide which undergoes further photolysis. The type II process accounts for the formation of COOH groups. The photodegradation of these glassy polyesters parallels that of crystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate) and is relatively unaffected by changes in composition of the aromatic polyester.     

Impacts of new technologies on media usage and social behaviour in domestic environments

Technological infrastructure at home is changing continuously and is becoming increasingly interconnected. Media devices, including the TV set, provide access to the Internet and offer manifold opportunities to consume media on demand. Additionally, personal devices, such as smartphones, also enable flexible consumption and sharing of media. Questions about how these technologies change the user's media usage and how these changes affect the social structure of a household, however, remain largely unanswered. In order to gain insight into the adoption of new technologies into daily routines, we explored these changes in respect of people's media usage in a qualitative long-term Living Lab study. We will present findings regarding personal routines, flexible integration of new devices into existing practices, influences on households as social systems and related issues in device access and collective use. We will highlight potentials and conflicts regarding device shifts and roles; restrictions in device access; social influences in the living room; and individual changes in media consumption.