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991.
In recent years, plenty of simulation research about the low impact development(LID) control effect has emerged, but studies on scheme comparison and evaluation are lacking. In this study, a comprehensive benefit evaluation system for LID, including environmental, economic, and social benefits, was established on the basis of Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and urban storm water model. Above all, benefit identification, quantitative evaluation and scheme comparison of single LID measures were obtained according to site investigation, simulated calculation and theoretical analysis. Whereafter, LID combination plans were designed based on single LID measures with high comprehensive benefit values, and their comprehensive benefits were evaluated to obtain the optimal plan. Then, based on well-founded system combined with Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), the design and optimization of LID were conducted, with a case in Xi’an, China. It turned out that the preferential order of the LID single measures according to the comprehensive benefit was: bio-retention > rain barrels > low-elevation greenbelt > green roofs > permeable pavement. Five LID combination plans were designed based on bio-retention, rain barrels, low-elevation greenbelt, and green roofs. Evaluation results showed that plan I (bio-retention and green roofs) was the optimal LID combination plan. 相似文献
992.
Stress Analysis of Elastic-Plastic Contact Damage in Ceramic Coatings on Metal Substrates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anthony C. Fischer-Cripps † Brian R. Lawn Antonia Pajares ‡ Lanhua Wei § 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1996,79(10):2619-2625
An elastic-plastic analysis of damage in ceramic coatings on metal substrates from contacts with spherical indenters is made using finite element modeling. Computations are carried out specifically for plasma-sprayed alumina:titania on a soft steel. The algorithm assumes an elastic sphere with frictionless contact on a flat elastic-plastic layered specimen, and incrementally evaluates the expanding contact field as a function of applied load. Two key aspects of the contact field are examined: (i) the indentation stress-strain curve; (ii) the damage zone geometry. Composite coating/substrate indentation stress-strain curves are computed for two coating thicknesses, using input material parameters from iterative fits to data from control tests on free-standing coating and substrate materials. Contours of principal shear stresses, most notably those contours corresponding to yield zone boundaries in both the softer substrate and the harder coating, are mapped out in the fully plastic region. Corresponding distributions of tensile stresses are also mapped out, and are shown to correlate with the locations of transverse fractures in the coating. General implications concerning material and geometrical design of ceramic-based layer structures are discussed. 相似文献
993.
通过n-乙酰化保护氨基,氯磺酸与氨水反应在氨基对位形成磺酰胺阻塞基团,再经脱乙酰基,氯化,水解脱阻塞基团,合成2,6-二氯-3-甲基苯胺得到目标产物。与经典文献方法相比,用盐酸代替氢氧化钠脱除乙酰基,用氯酸钠和浓盐酸代替双氧水和浓盐酸或氯气的氯化方法,合成过程中省略了中间产物的分离步骤,以间甲苯胺计总摩尔收率从20%提高到了60.8%,产品纯度大于99.5%。 相似文献
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In this paper, a decentralized adaptive tracking control is developed for a second-order leader–follower system with unknown dynamics and relative position measurements. Linearly parameterized models are used to describe the unknown dynamics of a self-active leader and all followers. A new distributed system is obtained by using the relative position and velocity measurements as the state variables. By only using the relative position measurements, a dynamic output–feedback tracking control together with decentralized adaptive laws is designed for each follower. At the same time, the stability of the tracking error system and the parameter convergence are analyzed with the help of a common Lyapunov function method. Some simulation results are presented to validate the proposed adaptive tracking control. 相似文献
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