聚苯乙烯-铂络合物催化硅氢加成反应机理的研究

将巯甲基化交联聚苯乙烯－铂络合物微球用于催化苯乙烯与甲基二氯硅烷的加成反应，考察了用硅氢加成试剂处理催化剂的时间对其催化行为的影响。发现催化活性中心主要是Pt（Ⅱ），催化剂的后处理时间明显影响硅氢加成反应的诱导期和活性，并根据实验结果提出了可能的催化机理。     

Energetic surface heterogeneity of nanocrystalline TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> films for dye-sensitized solar cells

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been receiving significant attention because they have many advantages compared to conventional organic solar cells. It has been known that the photovoltaic characteristics of DSSC are highly dependent on the adsorption properties of dyes on TiO₂ films. To analyze the surface heterogeneity of TiO₂ surfaces, single-phase anatase nanocrystallite titanium films were prepared by sol-gel method using the hydrolysis reaction of titanium tetraisopropoxide under acidic condition and characterized by XRD, FE-SEM and BET analysis. The adsorption energy distribution functions were calculated by the generalized nonlinear regularization method. It was found that the shape and the intensity of the adsorption energy distribution curve determined were highly related with the physical properties (i.e., geometrical heterogeneity) and chemical characteristics (i.e., energetic heterogeneity) of nanocrystalline TiO₂ for DSSC.     

畜禽精确饲喂控制系统的研究与实施

基于Win CE 6.0平台,开发一套精确饲喂控制系统实现对畜禽的精确饲喂。以每个舍为单元,采用实时监控管理形式。使用耳标对猪进行身份识别。通过人工智能和畜禽养殖专家的知识库,自动计算,鉴别不同时期的畜禽,以此给予不同的喂食量,不同的饲料。系统主要有识别模块,实时监测模块,数据处理模块,人工控制模块,系统参数设定模块等组成。系统较智能化,易操作,可靠性强,易升级,可辅助畜禽养殖场,实现优质高产高效的养殖目的。     

Modeling and economic analysis of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> separation process with hollow fiber membrane modules

The main purpose of the study was to develop a model using ASPEN and Excel simulation method to establish optimum CO₂ separation process utilizing hollow fiber membrane modules to treat exhaust gas from LNG combustion. During the simulation, optimum conditions of each CO₂ separation scenario were determined while operating parameters of CO₂ separation process were varied. The characteristics of hollow fibers membrane were assigned as 60 GPU of permeability and 25 of selectivity for the simulation. The simulation results illustrated that 4 stage connection of membrane module is required in order to achieve over 99% of CO₂ purity and 90% of recovery rate. The resulted optimum design and operation parameters throughout the simulation were also correlated with the experimental data from the actual CO₂ separation facility which has a capacity of 1,000 Nm³/day located in the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology. Throughout the simulation, the operating parameters of minimum energy consumption were evaluated. Economic analysis of pilot scale of CO₂ separation plant was done with the comparison of energy cost of CO₂ recovery and equipment cost of the plant based on the simulation model. This work was presented at the 6 ^th Korea-China Workshop on Clean Energy Technology held at Busan, Korea, July 4–7, 2006.     

Development and evaluation of terminally epoxidized triglycerides for coatings applications

Epoxidized 10-undecenoic acid triglyceride, an experimental seed oil derivative that has a terminal epoxy group on each of the three acyl glyceride segments, has been found to have good reactivity with amine curatives and allows room temperature cures to be obtained. Coatings based on epoxidized 10-undercenoic acid triglyceride have also shown excellent UV stability. As an example, coatings samples placed in a QUVA chamber exhibit no loss in gloss after 3000 hr of a cycled exposure to high intensity UV lamps and moisture at temperatures of 50–60°C. In comparison, coatings based on standard liquid epoxy resins (LERs) and commercially available hydrogenated LERs lose gloss due to chalking/decomposition within 200–800 hr. Presented at the 81 st Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, November 12–14, 2003, in Philadelphia, PA.     

Degradation of a textile azo dye by pulsed arc discharge to the surface of wastewater

The pulsed arc discharge to the surface of wastewater was applied to the degradation of a textile azo dye (Acid Red 27). A high-voltage electrode (discharging electrode) was vertically placed above the surface of the wastewater while the wastewater itself was grounded. The pulsed arc discharge occurred between the tip of the discharging electrode and the surface of the wastewater, producing various oxidative species. Oxygen was used as the working gas instead of air to prevent nitrogen oxides from forming. The effect of several parameters on the chromaticity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was examined. The results obtained showed that the chromaticity of the wastewater was completely removed by this process and the COD also decreased significantly. It has been found that ozone formed in the gas phase mainly affects the removal of the dye. The contribution of other effects such as ultraviolet light emission and OH radical formation during the arc discharge to the degradation of the dye was found to be less than 15%. For the present reactor system, the optimum pH, pulse repetition rate and agitation speed were found to be 3.0, 110 Hz and 300 rpm, respectively.     

案例教学在网络安全课程中的应用研究

案例教学法是一种新型的现代化教学方法,对于网络安全这一门实践性、应用性要求高的课程来说,有利于实现理论与实践的有机融合,激发学生的学习热情。本文通过介绍一个IPC攻击与防护案例的实践探索,显示出案例教学具有传统教学方法无法比拟的优越性,可提高学生的实操能力和科研素质。     

Crop residue,manure and fertilizer in dryland maize under reduced tillage in northern China: I grain yields and nutrient use efficiencies

The rapidly increasing population and associated quest for food and feed in China has led to increased soil cultivation and nitrogen (N) fertilizer use, and as a consequence to increased wind erosion and unbalanced crop nutrition. In the study presented here, we explored the long-term effects of various combinations of maize stover, cattle manure and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer applications on maize (Zea mays L.) yield and nutrient and water use efficiencies under reduced tillage practices. In a companion paper, we present the effects on nutrient balances and soil fertility characteristics. The ongoing factorial field trial was conducted at Shouyang Dryland Farming Experimental Station in northern China from 1993 onwards. The incomplete, determinant-optimal design comprised 12 treatments, including a control treatment, in duplicate. Grain yields and N, P, and potassium (K) uptakes and N, P and K use efficiencies were greatly influenced by the amount of rain during the growing season (GSR), and by soil water at sowing (SWS). There were highly significant interactions between GSR and added stover and manure, expressed in complex annual variations in grain yield and N, P and K use efficiencies. Annual mean grain yields ranged from 3,000 kg ha⁻¹ to 10,000 kg ha⁻¹ and treatment mean yields from 4,500 kg ha⁻¹ to 7,000 kg ha⁻¹. Balanced combination of stover (3,000–6,000 kg), manure (1,500–6,000 kg) and N fertilizer (105 kg) gave the highest yield. Stover and manure were important for supplying K, but the effects differed greatly between years. Overall mean N recovery efficiency (NRE) ranged from 28% to 54%, depending on N source. NRE in wet years ranged from 50% to 90%. In conclusion, balanced combinations of stover, manure and NP fertilizer gave the highest yield and NRE. Reduced tillage with adding stover and manure in autumn prior to ploughing is effective in minimizing labor requirement and wind erosion. The potentials of split applications of N fertilizer, targeted to the need of the growing crop (response farming), should be explored to further increase the N use efficiency.     

Purification of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole by solvent extraction

−Purification of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (91.9% purity) by solvent extraction was studied. The extraction of impurities present in crude 2-MBT (e.g. benzothiazole, sulfides and sulfur containing compounds) was carried out at temperatures between 70-180°C using various solvents and their mixtures of different polarity. The highest purity of 2-MBT, above 99% was obtained using nitrobenzene, toluene and ethanol, even at a concentration of 2-MBT above 50 wt%. Increasing temperature and decreasing concentration of the raw material have a positive influence on the purification process. A comparable efficiency of purification was observed also with mixed solvents, (toluene with ethanol, acetone and aniline) possessing the same polarities. A correlation between the polarity indexes (PI) of mixed solvents and experimentally obtained purity of 2-MBT was found. The highest purity of 2-MBT provides extraction of the raw material with mixed solvents having PI 3.8-4.4.