纳米氧化镍纤维的制备及表征

利用静电纺丝法,制备出聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)/四水乙酸镍纤维前躯体,通过焙烧前躯体制备出纳米氧化镍纤维,并用透射电子显微镜(TEM),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X-射线衍射(XRD)以及热重分析(TG)对纤维进行了表征.     

人参皂苷Re的分离提纯

采用硅胶柱层析法分离人参叶三醇皂苷,以氯仿-甲醇为流动相洗脱,得到了纯度较高的人参皂苷Re。结果表明,利用硅胶柱层析柱从35 g叶三醇皂苷中分离得到人参皂苷Re7.36 g,得率为21.03%。采用重结晶法对经硅胶柱分离制备的5 g Re进行提纯,将结晶产品分开收集,第2次结晶效果最好,得产品2.43 g,得率为48.68%,纯度为98.89%。     

精制棉电催化氧化技术及工艺研究

利用电催化氧化技术使棉短绒发生快速断裂反应,同时使木质素、果胶等带色基团退色,减少污水处理难度。生产的精制棉纤维素一致性率、a-纤维素含量达到98%以上,聚合度降低到700DP,反应时间由原来的2.5h缩短到20min,色度减少80%。通过实践,实现了生产精制棉节能降耗的目的,且明显减轻了对环境的污染。     

Degradation of p-nitrotoluene by 03/H2 02 process and oxidation mechanism

The degradation of p-nitrotoluene by O2/H2O2 process in a bubble contact column was investigated.Effects of the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to ozone, pH value and t-butanol on the oxidation process were discussed. It was found that the proper H2 O2/O3 molar ratio for the degradation of p-nitrotoluene was around O. 6, different pH values and the presence of t-butanol highly influenced the removal efficiency of p-nitrotoluene. 5-metbyl-2-nitrophenol, 2-methy1-5-nitrophenol, (4-nitrophenyl) methanol, 5-(hydroxymethyl) -2-nitro phenol, acetic acid, 2-methylpropanc diacid and 2-(hydroxylmethyl) propane diacid were identified as degradation intermediates and products through GC-MS. Radical reaction mechanism and degradation pathway were proposed based on the results of experiments. It is deduced that the benzene ring of p-nitrotoluene can be only destroyed by hydroxyl radicals through a polyhydrexy intermediate pathway. Then unstable polybydroxy intermediates can be oxidized to different acids with low molecular weight rapidly.     

Degradation of p-nitrotoluene by O3/H2O2 process and oxidation mechanism

The degradation of p-nitrotoluene by O3/H2O2 process in a bubble contact column was investigated. Effects of the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to ozone,pH value and t-butanol on the oxidation process were discussed. It was found that the proper H2O2/O3 molar ratio for the degradation of p-nitrotoluene was around 0.6, different pH values and the presence of t-butanol highly influenced the removal efficiency of p-nitrotoluene. 5-methyl-2-nitrophenol, 2-methyl-5-nitrophenol, (4-nitrophenyl) methanol, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-nitro phenol, acetic acid, 2-methylpropane diacid and 2-(hydroxylmethyl)propane diacid were identified as degradation intermediates and products through GC-MS. Radical reaction mechanism and degradation pathway were proposed based on the results of experiments. It is deduced that the benzene ring of p-nitrotoluene can be only destroyed by hydroxyl radicals through a polyhydroxy intermediate pathway. Then unstable polyhydroxy intermediates can be oxidized to different acids with low molecular weight rapidly.     

Shut-cut nitrification characteristics of aerobic granule in a sequencing batch airlift reactor at low temperature

To investigate the shut-cut nitrification characteristics of aerobic granule,an aerobic granular sequencing batch airlift reactor(AG-SBAR) was carried out with mixed carbon sources of sodium acetate and glucose at 10±1 ℃.Results indicated that ammonia oxidizing bacteria was accumulated inside the aerobic granules and the reactor performed stably with shut-cut nitrification for a long term at low temperature.During the stable operation period,the effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration was maintained at 13.6 mg/L without nitrate and nitrite when the COD/N ratio was 20:1.However,the effluent concentration of ammonia nitrogen was below 0.5 mg/L with effluent nitrosation ratio of 96.7% on average when the COD/N ratio was reduced to 15:1 and 10:1.And the effluent phosphorus concentration was less than 0.4 mg/L during the stable period with the sludge retention time of 30 d.The phosphorus removal efficiency was not strongly influenced by the adjustment of COD/N ratio in this experiment.The removal efficiencies for COD,NH4+-N and PO43--P were 91.3%-94.6%,97.9%-99.7% and 97.1%-99.5%,respectively.     

Prevention of rockburst by guide holes based on numerical simulations

We studied variations in the stress field around guide holes drilled during tunnel excavation to understand the mechanical mechanism by which these holes help prevent rockburst. The study used elasto-plastic analysis of a circular chamber under non-axisymmetrical loads. The results showed that the unloading of in-situ stresses, and the forming of a secondary stress field, leads to a severe change in the stress field around the guide holes. This causes the formation of an X-shaped area of plastic deformation, which prevents the rockburst. Adopting a sub-model finite dement technique, we analyzed the factors that influence the distribution of the plastic area, such as the guide hole distribution and the in-situ stress state. The calculations showed that higher initial stresses result in greater adjustment to the stress field. When the stress concentration is greater the size of the plastic area surrounding the guide hole is larger. A multi-row distribution of the guide holes shaped like a quincunX can increase the interconnectivity of the plastic areas and allow the plastic area to extend from the tunnel wall deep into the surrounding rock. An optimized design was put forward based on the distribution of the plastic area around guide holes and the factors that influence it.     

CO2在多孔介质中扩散系数的测定

为了研究注CO2开采原油时CO2在地层中的扩散系数,采用一维扩散的数学模型,利用一维菲克第二定律和连续性方程推导出了CO2扩散系数的计算公式,设计了多孔介质采用露头砂填充,实验模型装置水平放置而消除了＂对流扩散＂的影响,室内测定CO2扩散系数的双测压点的1 m长的物理模拟装置,得出了在60℃时不同压力下的扩散系数,实验条件更符合矿场实际,研究规律可用于矿场CO2驱过程中的参数优选。     

通风与空调系统中风管系统清洗设备控制装置的设计

探讨了风管系统清洗设备控制装置工作原理,控制装置提供了多路直流电源,通过微处理器(MCU)控制继电器完成对小车运动的控制,抬臂机构的升起、降落和停止由MCU与限位机构联合控制,保证抬臂机构工作在安全范围内,在控制装置面板上安装了液晶屏,监视风管中积尘情况以及清扫过程,并内置图像数据采集卡,通过USB口与计算机连接,将摄像头传过来的图像信号用MPEG格式存储在硬盘中,可以在计算机上重放,记录的信息可以作为清洗效果评定依据之一.     

不确定系统具有圆盘极点约束的跟踪控制器设计

研究了一类具有圆盘极点约束的不确定系统的无静差跟踪控制器设计问题.考虑状态反馈控制器,使得闭环跟踪控制系统的所有极点均位于一给定圆盘.进一步的,考虑极点配置会使得闭环系统产生稳态误差的情况,通过引入一个积分环节实现无静差跟踪控制的目标.给出了闭环跟踪控制系统所有极点均位于给定圆盘的一个充要条件,并将跟踪控制器的设计转化为求解一个具有线性矩阵不等式约束的凸优化问题.最后通过仿真结果表明笔者方法的有效性.