Exploring the Relationship Between Green Consumption Value,Satisfaction, and Loyalty to Hybrid Car in Elderly Consumers

The study aimed to examine the relationship between green consumption value, satisfaction, and loyalty of driving hybrid cars among elderly consumers. Data were collected from a cross‐sectional survey of 314 elderly consumers who purchased hybrid cars in the United States. A partial least squares analysis revealed that elderly consumers’ social, price, and quality values positively influenced the satisfaction of their hybrid car experience, and their satisfaction significantly influenced their loyalty of hybrid car. The relationship between green consumption value, satisfaction, and loyalty toward driving hybrid cars among elderly consumers revealed insight into their value orientations toward the hybrid car. Special efforts are suggested in promoting hybrid car use to elderly consumer groups. Marketers should pay attention to changing beliefs and increasing perceived values of driving a hybrid car for consumers to encourage them to use green products.     

Distinct element method analysis of a retaining wall using a steel frame and fill materials

A technique is developed to clearly establish the shear resistance of a cellular structure, retaining wall composed of a steel frame and fill materials with both continuous and discontinuous characteristics. To overcome the limitation of the existing analysis approach based on continuum mechanics, in which the shear behavior and interaction between the frames and fill material of this type of structure are difficult to describe, this paper introduces displacement incremental analysis into the distinct element method. The results obtained by using the proposed approach are compared with experimental results to verify its accuracy. The results show an internal friction angle of fill materials and overburdening load are major factor determining the shear resistance of a retaining wall with a cellular structure type. From the results of the parametric study on the shear behavior of this type of structure, this paper also proposes a shear resistance moment-shear displacement formula for designing a retaining wall with a cellular structure type.     

Usability Principles for Augmented Reality Applications in a Smartphone Environment

Through the rapid spread of smartphones, users have access to many types of applications similar to those on desktop computer systems. Smartphone applications using augmented reality (AR) technology make use of users' location information. As AR applications will require new evaluation methods, improved usability and user convenience should be developed. The purpose of the current study is to develop usability principles for the development and evaluation of smartphone applications using AR technology. We develop usability principles for smartphone AR applications by analyzing existing research about heuristic evaluation methods, design principles for AR systems, guidelines for handheld mobile device interfaces, and usability principles for the tangible user interface. We conducted a heuristic evaluation for three popularly used smartphone AR applications to identify usability problems. We suggested new design guidelines to solve the identified problems. Then, we developed an improved AR application prototype of an Android-based smartphone, which later was conducted a usability testing to validate the effects of usability principles.     

Performance of the MAP/G/1 Queue Under the Dyadic Control of Workload and Server Idleness

This paper studies the steady-state queue length process of the MAP/G/1 queue under the dyadic control of the D-policy and multiple server vacations. We derive the probability generating function of the queue length and the mean queue length. We then present computational experiences and compare the MAP queue with the Poisson queue.

12.1‐in. WXGA AMOLED display driven by InGaZnO thin‐film transistors

Abstract— A full‐color 12.1‐in.WXGA active‐matrix organic‐light‐emitting‐diode (AMOLED) display was, for the first time, demonstrated using indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) as an active‐matrix backplane. It was found that the fabricated AMOLED display did not suffer from the well‐known pixel non‐uniformity in luminance, even though the simple structure consisting of two transistors and one capacitor was adopted as the unit pixel circuit, which was attributed to the amorphous nature of IGZO semiconductors. The n‐channel a‐IGZO TFTs exhibited a field‐effect mobility of 17 cm²/V‐sec, threshold voltage of 1.1 V, on/off ratio >10⁹, and subthreshold gate swing of 0.28 V/dec. The AMOLED display with a‐IGZO TFT array is promising for large‐sized applications such as notebook PCs and HDTVs because the a‐IGZO semiconductor can be deposited on large glass substrates (larger than Gen 7) using the conventional sputtering system.     

Gait planning for quadruped robot based on dynamic stability: landing accordance ratio

In this article, the method for increasing dynamic stability of quadruped robot is proposed. Previous researches on dynamic walking of quadruped robots have used only walking pattern called central pattern generator (CPG). In this research, different from walking generation with only CPG, a instinctive stability measure called landing accordance ratio, is proposed and used for increasing dynamic stability. In addition, dynamic balance control and control to adjust walking trajectory for increasing dynamic stability measure is also proposed. Proposed methods are verified with dynamic simulation and a large number of experiments with quadruped robot platform.     

Fractal and topological characterization of branching patterns on the fracture surface of cross-linked dimethacrylate resins

The branching patterns formed as a result of crack growth in dimethacrylate resins below their glass transition temperatures looked similar to fractal trees. The skeletons of the patterns were analysed numerically for their topological and geometrical properties. The number of branches, N _i , mean branch lengths, N _i , and branch angles of a particular order, defined according to the Strahler and inverted Weibel schemes, followed exponential scaling behaviour: N _i (R _b )^–i and L _i (R _l ) ⁱ . Using the relationship for the fractal dimension D=In R _B /In R _L , a value of D=1.4 was obtained for the fracture pattern. Fractal behaviour was also examined by the box-counting method which indicated a power-law dependence of the mass on the box size with fractal dimension exponent D=1.4 in the case of the fracture pattern. However, the mass-shell method for both the fracture pattern and the fractal trees gave an exponential increase of mass with distance from the origin, rather than the power-law behaviour expected for fractals. This was attributed to the fact that branches of different sizes were distributed in restricted regions of space closer to the periphery, rather than uniformly over the whole pattern.     

Room-Temperature-Processable Highly Reliable Resistive Switching Memory with Reconfigurability for Neuromorphic Computing and Ultrasonic Tissue Classification

Reversible metal-filamentary mechanism has been widely investigated to design an analog resistive switching memory (RSM) for neuromorphic hardware-implementation. However, uncontrollable filament-formation, inducing its reliability issues, has been a fundamental challenge. Here, an analog RSM with 3D ion transport channels that can provide unprecedentedly high reliability and robustness is demonstrated. This architecture is realized by a laser-assisted photo-thermochemical process, compatible with the back-end-of-line process and even applicable to a flexible format. These superior characteristics also lead to the proposal of a practical adaptive learning rule for hardware neural networks that can significantly simplify the voltage pulse application methodology even with high computing accuracy. A neural network, which can perform the biological tissue classification task using the ultrasound signals, is designed, and the simulation results confirm that this practical adaptive learning rule is efficient enough to classify these weak and complicated signals with high accuracy (97%). Furthermore, the proposed RSM can work as a diffusive-memristor at the opposite voltage polarity, exhibiting extremely stable threshold switching characteristics. In this mode, several crucial operations in biological nervous systems, such as Ca²⁺ dynamics and nonlinear integrate-and-fire functions of neurons, are successfully emulated. This reconfigurability is also exceedingly beneficial for decreasing the complexity of systems—requiring both drift- and diffusive-memristors.     

Enhanced hydrothermal stability of ZSM-5 formed from nanocrystalline seeds for naphtha catalytic cracking

We successfully synthesized hydrothermally stable ZSM-5 with crystalline nano seeds. We employed a template-free method using ZSM-5 crystalline nano seeds and sodium silicate as a silica source. The prepared ZSM-5 exhibited uniform crystal size and relative crystallinity greater than 100 %. The size of the crystalline nano seed in the scale of 100 nm was found to be the optimum size for obtaining uniform, highly crystalline ZSM-5 with structural stability. After P-modification, the synthesized ZSM-5 with the optimally sized seed showed high hydrothermal stability and improved catalytic naphtha cracking activity compared to a commercial ZSM-5 catalyst. In order to find the elements for the increased hydrothermal stability, the samples were evaluated by studying crystallinity, aluminum spectrum, and acidity using XRD, solid-state NMR, and NH₃-TPD, respectively after steaming at 800 °C for 24 h. It is speculated that the increased hydrothermal stability of the ZSM-5 resulted mainly from the increased aluminum structural stability.