Formation and inhibition of free radicals in electrically stressed and aged insulating polymers

Previous work has shown that prebreakdown, electrical aging, and breakdown phenomena are directly associated with charge carriers injected from electrical contacts and their subsequent dissociative trapping and recombination. In addition, the energy released from each trapping or recombination event is dissipated in the breaking of the bonds of macromolecules, thus forming free radicals and new traps in the electrically stressed insulating polymers, as predicted by Kao's model. It is this gradual degradation process that leads to electrical aging and destructive breakdown. New experimental results are presented to confirm previous findings and a new approach to inhibit the degradation process by the incorporation of suitable dopants into the polymer. The concentration of free radicals in the polymer increases with an increasing electric field at a fixed stress time of 250 h and with increasing stress time at a fixed electric field of 833 kV cm^?1. The concentration of free radicals is directly related to the concentration of new traps created by stress. However, when suitable dopants are incorporated, the initiation voltage for the occurrence of electrical treeing and the breakdown strength are both increased. The dopants tend to create shallow traps and have little effect on the deep trap concentration. This implies that the dopants act as free‐radical scavengers that tend to satisfy the unpaired electrons of the broken bonds, which create new acceptor‐like electron traps and new shallow traps. By doing so, the shallow traps screen the deep traps, thereby reducing the energy released during trapping and recombination and the probability of breaking the macromolecular bonds and causing structural degradation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3416–3425, 2003     

Formulation of a ceramic ink for a wide-array drop-on-demand ink-jet printer

This paper describes the methodology for simulating a reprographic ink with a ceramic ink based on a commercially available zirconia powder for direct ceramic ink-jet printing. Of over-riding importance was matching viscosity and this was tested systematically by using a mineral oil–hexane binary system. Of secondary importance was adjustment of the pressure defect behind the nozzle to compensate for small differences in surface tension. The inks tested in the wide array print-head were based on low electrical conductivity liquids to avoid damage to the electroding system. The organic binder for the zirconia ink was paraffin wax and the dispersant was a hydroxystearic acid based polyester.     

Iterative detection/decoding for two-track partial response channels

In this letter, we investigate the iterative detection/decoding algorithms for two-track partial response channels. We first describe the iterative algorithm as an iterative message-passing/processing algorithm over a high-level normal graph and then propose two trellis-based detection algorithms. The natural one is based on a joint trellis, which can be implemented for low-order channels. For moderate-order channels, we propose a separated detection, which is based on two single-track trellises. Compared with the joint detection, the separated detection is simpler in most cases. Simulation results show that, for two-track EPR4 channels with minor intertrack interferences, the separated detection causes only marginal degradation in performance.     

Graphitization of porous 6H-SiC layers during thermal treatment in vacuum

We have studied the effect of thermal treatment in vacuum on the optical transmission of 6H-SiC samples with a porous layer on the Si face in the visible and near infrared spectral range. An analysis of changes in the absorption coefficient shows that the process of graphitization begins at a temperature below 70°C.     

Quantum mechanical effects on noise properties of nanoelectronic devices: application to Monte Carlo simulation

A discussion about the quantum mechanical effects on noise properties of ballistic (phase-coherent) nanoscale devices is presented. It is shown that quantum noise can be understood in terms of quantum trajectories. This interpretation provides a simple and intuitive explanation of the origin of quantum noise that can be very salutary for nanoelectronic engineers. In particular, an injection model is presented that, coupled with a standard Monte Carlo algorithm, provides an accurate modeling of quantum noise. As a test, the standard results of noise in tunneling junction devices are reproduced within this approach.     

DSP--数字化时代的基因芯片

DSP是当今发展最为迅速的和最有发展前景的技术之一。与普通CPU和MCU相比 ,DSP在数字信号处理方面有着无可比拟的优势 ,特别适合网络、通信、控制等需要进行大量数字信号处理的应用场合。今天DSP已经成为通信、计算机、网络、工业控制以及家用电器等电子产品中不可或缺的基础器件 ,DSP在通信、计算机、网络、工业控制以及消费类电子产品等领域有着非常广泛的应用 ,本文阐述了DSP的特点、应用和市场以及DSP技术的发展前景。     

High-efficiency LEDs of 1.6–2.4 µm spectral range for medical diagnostics and environment monitoring

High efficient LED structures covering the spectral range of 1.6–2.4 μm have been developed on the basis of GaSb and its solid solutions. The electroluminescent characteristics and their temperature and current dependences have been studied. The radiative and nonradiative recombination mechanisms and their effect on the quantum efficiency have been investigated. A quantum efficiency of 40–60% has been obtained in the quasi-steady mode at room temperature. A short-pulse optical power of 170 mW was reached. __________ Translated from Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov, Vol. 37, No. 8, 2003, pp. 996–1009. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2003 by Stoyanov, Zhurtanov, Astakhova, Imenkov, Yakovlev.     

Analysis of the Scattering Characteristic of Several Waveguide Components Using Boundary Element Method

Several kinds of waveguide components such as curved waveguide bends, arbitrary angle waveguide bends and T-junctions have been analyzed with boundary element method in this paper. A new discretization method for the boundary element method to solve the waveguide discontinuities has been given. The numerical results obtained agree well with the experimental results and numerical results in other literature. Especially, the scattering characteristics of Forded E-, H-plane T-junctions in 3mm band have been analyzed using boundary element method and the calculation results are presented.     

低温送风系统末端装置诱导器的研究及性能评价

研究了在低温送风系统中诱导器(IDU)的结构特点、工作原理、送风方式,分析了诱导器送风口射流速度的特性,得出了诱导器空调系统的优缺点。