Purpose: To enhance the transdermal delivery of diclofenac acid (DA) by using O-acylmenthol as a penetration enhancer and complexing with amines, or by a combination of the two methods. Methods: The skin permeability of diclofenac was tested in vitro across rat skin with each of the evaluated permeants in a saturated isopropyl myristate (IPM) donor solution. Results: A 4.5-fold increase in the flux of diclofenac was observed by ion-pair formation with diethylamine; however, the cations with hydroxyl groups had negative effects on the transdermal delivery of diclofenac. 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl 2-hydroxypanoate and 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl heptanoate produced significant increase in the permeation of diclofenac potassium (D-K); however, both of them were ineffective for the other diclofenac salts, including diclofenac diethylamine (D-DETA), diclofenac ethanolamine (D-EA), diclofenac diethanolamine (D-DEA), diclofenac triethanolamine, and diclofenac N-(hydroxylethyl) piperidine. 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl tetradecanoate was effective on the penetration of D-K, D-DETA, D-EA, and D-DEA. Also, it is exciting to note that the combined use of diethylamine with 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl tetradecanoate produced a 9.74-fold increase in accumulation amount of diclofenac compared with DA in IPM. Conclusions: The use of ion pair in combination with O-acylmenthol is necessary to further increase the diclofenac flux to provide better compliance for the patients undergoing clinical therapy. 相似文献
First-principles method was performed to predict the effect of Ti addition on thickness and adhesion of 55 pct Al-Zn-1.6 pct
Si coating. The results of optimized geometric configurations, total energy, and charge distributions for the Ti substitution
in Fe2Al5 and FeAl3 phases indicated Ti will grab electronic charges from Al atoms, form bonds with neighboring Al, which
will reduce the growth of Fe-Al intermetallic layers, and finally enhance the adhesion of the coating/substrate. Furthermore,
experiments were performed to validate the prediction results of first-principles successfully. 相似文献
Abstract Pb1‐xSnxTe epitaxial layers were successfully grown on PbTe substrates by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) technique. The compositions and surface morphology of the epitaxial Pb1‐xSnxTe layers were controlled in the LPE growth, and p‐Pb1‐xSnxTe/n‐PbTe heterodiodes with a good junction‐perfection factor were made. 相似文献
Cloud databases provide facilities for large scale data storage and retrieval of distributed data. However, the current access control techniques provided in database systems for maintaining security are not sufficient to secure the private data stored in public cloud databases. In this paper, a new secured data storage algorithm for effective maintenance of confidential data is proposed. To perform storage and retrieval operations of data in the cloud data storage effectively, map reduce algorithms are developed in this work which performs data reduction and fast processing. In order to consider the temporal nature of documents to be retrieved, we propose a new algorithm called Temporal Secured Cloud Map Reduced Algorithm which integrates temporal constraints with map reduce algorithms and also the chaining Hill Cipher encryption algorithms which is proposed newly in this work. The main advantages of the proposed algorithm is that they reduce the processing time and maintains security effectively. The experimental results obtained from this work depict that the proposed model is optimizing cost and it ensures data security.
To address the problems of the present Tera Hertz medium access control(MAC) protocols such as not updating the time slot requests numbers in time, unreasonable superframe structures and not merging time slot requests from the same pair of nodes, high throughput low delay medium access control(HLMAC), a novel MAC protocol for Tera Hertz ultra-high data-rate wireless networks is proposed. It reduces the data access delay largely with a new superframe structure, from which nodes can get time slot allocation information immediately. The network throughput is also improved with the help of updating time slot requests number and merging time slot requests from the same pair of nodes. The theoretical analysis verifies the effectiveness of HLMAC, and the simulation results show that HLMAC improves the network throughput by 65.7% and decreases the access delay by 30%, as compared to energy and spectrum-aware medium access control(ES-MAC). 相似文献
The establishment of superlow friction in moist air is very important for the engineering application of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (H-DLC) films. Nevertheless, water molecules in the surrounding atmosphere always result in the failure of the near-frictionless state. This work aims to explore the effects of water molecules in the environment and the material of the counterparts on the tribological performance of a composite structure prepared by depositing MoS2 on a H-DLC film. The results indicated that the existence of water molecules in the atmosphere is beneficial for achieving stable superlubricity for the material system because it helps retain the in-situ formed MoS2 transfer film on the counterpart. In the presence of water molecules, the wear interface was replaced by a robust and incommensurate MoS2 tribolayer/H-DLC sliding interface, which was responsible for the superlow friction achieved in this work. The results also revealed that the ZrO2 counterpart was capable of retaining the as-formed MoS2 transfer film and establishing long-lasting superlow friction even in dry air. The mechanisms behind this phenomenon are also discussed in this paper. 相似文献
In this study the effects of crystal habit, crystallinity and superstructure on the modulus of elasticity of isotactic polypropylene
films were analyzed by atomic force microscope (AFM) nanoindentation. The modulus of elasticity, evaluated on the nanometer
scale by AFM, showed a qualitatively similar dependence on the crystal habit, crystallinity and superstructure as the modulus
of elasticity measured by dynamic-mechanical analysis and tensile testing. The observed values of both the surface stiffness
measured by AFM and the macroscopic/bulk stiffness were distinctly larger in the presence of non-isometric lamellae organized
in spherulite than in the presence of isometric nodular crystals, not organized in a spherulitic superstructure. The experimental
data showed that the modulus of elasticity is not primarily influenced by the presence or absence of spherulite but by the
molecular-deformation constraint associated to the crystal habit. 相似文献