大直径电缆井壁取心仪岩心分隔片机构设计

现有的大直径井壁取心仪在取心过程中只使用井深参数定位岩心,无法明确区分取心岩层与岩心的对应关系。在新型大直径井壁取心仪研制过程中,设计了岩心分隔片机构,在钻取岩心过程中加入隔片,可以与深度参数一起区分岩心在目的层的具体位置,为后期岩心分析、储层分析提供可靠数据。岩心分隔片机构采用液压力驱动导板,导板带动隔片进入隔片舱,实现区分岩心的目的。该机构设计了不同性能的弹簧,可以加入30个或60个隔片。地面试验证明,该机构能完成隔片加入功能,性能可靠,对大直径井壁取心仪器的推广具有重要意义。     

NiMoS加氢脱硫催化剂表面非化学计量硫物种动态平衡

加氢脱硫(HDS)催化剂NiMoS活性相表面非化学计量硫(S_x)物种的动态变化是HDS活性的决定因素。在HDS过程中,S_x物种处于动态平衡,且这一平衡与催化剂、H₂S分压及硫化温度相关。笔者采用程序升温的方法研究了催化剂载体、助剂Ni、硫化温度、H₂S分压对NiMoS催化剂表面S_x物种的影响。结果表明：催化剂载体对S_x物种的总量和还原性具有显著影响,Ni的引入显著促进S_x物种还原,提升HDS活性;硫化气相H₂S分压决定了催化剂表面S_x物种含量,气相中H₂S分压升高易使S_x物种增多,表面可利用NiMoS活性位减少,从而导致HDS活性降低。S_x物种含量与H₂S分压及硫化温度的关系符合热力学平衡及van′t Hoff等压方程,进一步将S_x物种含量与HDS反应速率系数进行关联,提出H₂S分压S_x物种含量HDS活性之间的定量关系。     

海上新区油气勘探突破典型案例分析及启示

随着陆地勘探程度越来越高,获得大发现的难度越来越大,油气勘探向海域拓展是大势所趋,加快海域新区突破、实现资源有序接替,具有十分重要的战略意义。重点剖析了渤海湾盆地秦皇岛32-6油田、黎凡特盆地塔马尔气田两个海域大发现的勘探历程,梳理每个勘探阶段的指导思想、部署思路及做法,探讨制约突破发现的因素及推动勘探突破的地质认识转变和思想革新。研究显示,盲目跟风追热点、未找到适合的理论指导制约了渤海湾油田发现;客观分析成藏特征,转变思路,以新近系为主要目的层,以生烃凹陷包围的隆起区及其倾没带为主要勘探方向,推动了秦皇岛32-6油田大发现。黎凡特盆地塔马尔气田的发现则归因于储层物源和低成熟生物气的新认识及较高的勘探投入。研究认为,摸清成藏规律是推动大发现的内在动因,尤其是深海前沿领域勘探;关键成藏要素的颠覆性认识是突破关键,保证持续稳定的勘探投入是推动海域新区突破的前提条件。     

基于烃类组成的催化裂解反应规律北大核心CSCD

目的研究催化裂解过程中不同烃类的反应规律,提升原料油烃类利用率和目标产物的选择性,挖掘“油产化”的潜力。方法基于原料油和产物的烃类组成,详细分析了从原料油到反应产物不同烃类的表观转化率,并对不同烃类的转化与生成途径进行了分析与探讨。结果在催化裂解反应过程中,链烷烃、环烷烃和芳烃的表观转化率分别为93.06%、97.05%和58.53%,其中,单环、双环、三环、四环和五环及以上芳烃的表观转化率分别为61.49%、11.34%、65.17%、29.27%和96.35%。催化裂解产物与原料油物质的量之比为7.68,产物芳烃与原料油芳烃物质的量之比为2.99。液体产物中可进一步转化为目标产物的烃类质量分数为27.50%,产物中单环芳烃通过原料油中非芳烃芳构化反应生成的比例为96.16%。结论链烷烃和环烷烃催化裂解转化较为彻底,而芳烃表观转化率较低,且不同环数芳烃的表观转化率差异较大,并呈现出奇环数芳烃表观转化率高、偶环数芳烃表观转化率低的特征。裂解反应和芳构化反应是催化裂解过程中最重要的两类反应,不同烃类的表观轻质化顺序为链烷烃>单环芳烃>环烷烃>双环芳烃>三环及以上芳烃,产物中单环芳烃主要来自原料油中非芳烃的芳构化反应,液体产物中可转化为目标产物的烃类仍有进一步压减的空间。     

渤海某油田驱油用超低界面张力表面活性剂研究北大核心CSCD

目的为改善渤海X油田注水开发效果,对该油田进行了驱油用超低界面张力表面活性剂研究。方法在分析油田原油饱和分和芳香分碳原子数分布基础上,结合“相似相溶”原理和疏水端空间位置互补效应,对表面活性剂进行优选和复配。结果从5种表面活性剂中优选出了十六烷基二甲基甜菜碱和烷基糖苷APG1214两种表面活性剂,二者按最佳质量比1∶2复配后可获得超低界面张力表面活性剂。该表面活性剂在岩心中滞留损失率小,仅为11.2%;在质量分数为0.1%~0.3%时,原油的乳化和破乳率均高于90%;当质量分数为0.20%时,可在水驱基础上提高原油采收率9.4%。结论复配表面活性剂降水增油效果明显,可用于实现油田水驱后“挖潜提采”的目的。     

Annealing effects on the structure and hardness of helium-irradiated Cr2AlC thin films

Cr₂AlC MAX phase thin films prepared by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering were irradiated at room temperature by 100 keV helium ions to a fluence of 1 × 10¹⁷ ions cm⁻². The effects of thermal annealing on the structural and mechanical properties of the helium-irradiated Cr₂AlC films as well as the helium release were investigated by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) in combination with nano-indentation and elastic recoil detection (ERD) analysis. The irradiation-induced structural damage in the Cr₂AlC is significantly recovered by thermal annealing at temperatures around 600℃, attributed to high defect diffusivity. After annealing to 750℃, the hardness of irradiated films recovered almost completely, which is ascribes to both defect recombination and reformation of damaged chemical bonds. Substantial helium release occurring at this annealing temperature is closely related to the damage recovery due to helium irradiation.     

Fine TiC dispersed Al2O3 composites fabricated via in situ reaction synthesis and conventional process

To further improve the mechanical performance and reduce the percolation threshold by controlling microstructures, Al₂O₃-TiC composites containing 0-20 vol% TiC were fabricated via in situ reaction synthesis. Graphite (ATC) and carbon nanotubes (ATCT) were used as carbon sources. The composites were also fabricated via a conventional process using a TiC starting powder (AT). X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy observation results indicated successful fabrication of the composites with various microstructures. TiC particles in ATCT were completely dispersed at grain boundaries, whereas in ATC and AT, these particles were either intragranular or intergranular dispersed. The composites could be listed as follows, ATCT > ATC > AT, that is, in descending order of the reinforcing flexural strength and fracture toughness. The nanoindentation measurement indicated the optimum hardening effect of ATCT. The ATCT composite also exhibited the highest fracture toughness, which was 49% higher than that of the monolithic Al₂O₃. Crack deflection was considered as the main toughening mechanism while crack bridging behavior also occurred in ATCT. For a given TiC content, ATCT exhibited the lowest electrical resistivity, owing mainly to the complete grain-boundary dispersion of the relatively large TiC particles. The similarity of the Al₂O₃ grain size and TiC particle size of ATCT contributed to the lowest percolation threshold achieved (11.2%), which (to date) is the lowest value that has been reported for the Al₂O₃-TiC system.     

Method for calculating dynamic yield stress of fresh cement pastes using a coaxial cylinder system

The calculation of the rheological parameters of fresh cement pastes plays a key role in understanding the rheology of cement-based mixes. Because cement paste is not a simple Bingham fluid, a suitable nonlinear model must be found for characterizing its flow. A test system in which the rotational speed or shear rate can be changed in multiple steps is regarded as a suitable rheological test protocol because the paste reaches a steady state. Furthermore, theoretical derivations show that the solution of the Couette inverse problem corresponding to the modified Bingham model and the Herschel–Bulkley (H-B) model is complex. However, a comparative analysis revealed that the yield stress of fresh paste could easily be obtained through a calculation process based on a Parabolic model. This study presents the complete calculation procedure for this model. The influence of the plug flow is considered, and test points with low minimum shear stress (τ_min) are excluded. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified through comparisons with the results obtained using mini-cone slump tests. These results show that the dynamic yield stress calculated using the expression of the Couette inverse problem based on the Parabolic model in consideration of the plug flow is very close to the yield stress obtained using the mini-cone slump flow test. This proves that the proposed method could precisely characterize the dynamic yield stress of cement pastes.     

Ti4+ modified MgZrNb2O8 microwave dielectric ceramics with an ultra-high quality factor

Ti⁴⁺-modified MgZrNb₂O₈ (MgZr_1-xTi_xNb₂O₈, x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) ceramics were synthesized using the traditional solid-state reaction method. Pure MgZr_1–xTi_xNb₂O₈ was detected without any secondary phase via the X-ray diffraction patterns. According to the sintering behavior and the surface morphology results, the introduction of Ti⁴⁺ reduced the sintering temperature and promoted the grain growth. The correlations between the dielectric properties and the crystal structure were analyzed through the Rietveld refinement and Raman spectroscopy. The slight shifts of the Raman peaks, corresponding to different vibration modes, were induced by the substitution of Ti⁴⁺ for Zr⁴⁺ and related to the improved quality factor. In general, the sample of MgZr_0.9Ti_0.1Nb₂O₈ sintered at 1320°C for 4 h exhibited promising microwave dielectric properties with an ultra-high Q × f value of 130 123 GHz (at 7.308 GHz, 20°C), which is potential for 5G communication applications.     

Electro-reduction of Cu2O to Cu in urea/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride

Journal of Applied Electrochemistry - Urea/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (urea-EMIC) was developed to electrodeposit Cu from Cu2O at room temperature. Density, viscosity and conductivity of...