Polymer Self‐Etching for Superhydrophobicity through a Green Hot‐Pressing‐Exfoliation Process: Low and High Adhesion

A green polymer self‐etching strategy for fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces exhibiting low and high adhesion is proposed by using hot‐pressing and exfoliation on a pair of low density polyethylene (LDPE) films. It is demonstrated that the hot‐pressing temperature has significant influence on the surface morphology of LDPE. Effective hot‐pressing temperature for low‐adhesive superhydrophobicity ranges from 109 to 161 °C. Bird's‐nest like micro‐/nanostructures are observed in the unzipped LDPE surfaces compressed at 109 °C, which shows excellent water repellency. LDPE surface compressed at 108 °C demonstrates superhydrophobicity with high adhesion, i.e., a water droplet cannot roll off even when the surface is turned upside down. Furthermore, superhydrophobic vessels are processed and applied to transport water and microdroplets of water losslessly.

     

微合金化技术开发800MPa级高韧直缝焊管钢

采用微合金化和热轧后超快冷等技术生产得到800 MPa级高韧直缝钢管钢,借助OM、SEM、TEM和室温拉伸等,研究了试验钢不同区域的组织与性能。研究表明,试验钢的热轧组织主要是粒状贝氏体+少量板条贝氏体;焊接热影响区粒状贝氏体体积分数减少到32.7%,板条贝氏体体积分数增加到30.5%,组织中出现针状铁素体和少量马氏体。试验钢热轧区主要以Ti为主进行复合微合金化,综合运用固溶强化、细晶强化、位错强化和析出强化,具有高的强韧性,屈服强度为804 MPa、抗拉强度为852 MPa、伸长率为21.5%。     

Performance-based seismic fragility analysis of retaining walls based on the probability density evolution method

Seismic fragility analysis is an efficient way to study the seismic behaviour and performance of structures under the excitation of earthquakes of varying intensity, and an essential part of the seismic risk assessment of structures. A recently developed dynamic reliability methodology, the probability density evolution method (PDEM), is proposed for the dynamic reliability and seismic fragility analysis of a retaining wall. The PDEM can obtain an instantaneous probability density function of the seismic responses and easily acquire the seismic reliability of the structural system. An important advantage of the PDEM is its high efficiency relative to that of the Monte Carlo simulation method, which is often used in the reliability and fragility analysis of structures. The present study uses a typical gravity retaining wall to illustrate stochastic seismic responses and fragility curves that can be obtained by the PDEM. The combined uncertainties of the seismic force and soil properties are explicitly and systematically modelled by stochastic ground motions and random variables respectively. The performance of the retaining wall is analysed for different acceptable levels of backfill settlement. Additionally, seismic fragility curves are constructed without assuming the distribution of the seismic response.     

基于正交实验优化不锈钢表面纳米孔结构制备工艺

目的通过正交实验优化不锈钢表面纳米孔制备工艺。方法通过田口实验方法设计正交试验优化工艺。采用含有氯化钠和硫脲的硝酸溶液阳极氧化制备纳米孔,在含有氯化钠、盐酸和硫酸的水溶液中进行扩孔处理。通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪对表面处理后的试样表面形貌和元素进行分析,应用软件统计SEM图片孔隙率,并将孔隙率作为响应指标,利用极差分析和方差分析研究阳极氧化工艺和扩孔时间对表面形貌及孔隙率的影响,并优化工艺参数。结果 SEM照片和5个水平的均值表明,硝酸浓度的提高有利于提高孔隙率,较高的硫脲浓度有利于形成均匀有序的纳米孔结构,氯化钠浓度、氧化时间、氧化电压和扩孔时间对表面形貌和孔隙率影响不明显。元素分析表明,纳米孔的材料仍然是不锈钢,而不是金属氧化物。正交实验优化的工艺参数是:硝酸的体积浓度为90 mL/L,硫脲的质量浓度为3.5 g/L,氯化钠的质量浓度为20 g/L,氧化时间为120 s,氧化电压为5.0 V,扩孔时间为50 s。结论通过实验验证,优化后的工艺能够制备出表面较平整、孔隙率较高的纳米孔结构。     

含孔洞的Al2Cu单轴拉伸的分子动力学模拟

建立含孔洞的Al₂Cu分子动力学模拟模型,采用嵌入原子法模拟Al₂Cu模型在常温、恒定工程应变速率的拉伸环境下孔洞大小、数量及孔洞分布对Al₂Cu力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：孔洞的出现使模型内部出现了自由表面并在孔洞内边缘产生了应力集中,从而大大降低材料的抗拉强度以及变形能力;孔洞增大,Al₂Cu的塑性和抗拉强度均明显下降;不同孔洞数量对应的应力应变曲线在弹性变形阶段基本重合,孔洞增多,Al₂Cu的塑性以及抗拉强度都有不同程度的下降;改变孔洞分布,孔洞连线方向与拉伸方向的夹角越小,Al₂Cu表现出越强的塑性和抗拉强度。     

Effects of Dissimilar Alumina Particulates on Microstructure and Properties of Cold-Sprayed Alumina/A380 Composite Coatings

In this study,alumina/A380 composite coatings were fabricated by cold spray.The influence of alumina particulates' morphology(spherical and irregular) and content on the deposition behavior of the coatings(including surface roughness,surface residual stress,cross-sectional microstructure and microhardness) was investigated.Results revealed that the spherical alumina mainly shows micro-tamping effect during deposition,which result in remarkable low surface roughness and porosity of the coatings.In addition,very low deposition efficiency and good interfacial bonding between the coating and the substrate were achieved.For irregular alumina particles,the embedding of ceramic particulates in the coating was dominant during deposition process,resulting in high retention in the final deposit.However,it showed limited influence on porosity,surface roughness and interfacial bonding of the deposit.The coatings containing irregular alumina particulates exhibited much higher microhardness than those containing spherical alumina due to the higher load-bearing capacity of deposited alumina.     

As-cast microstructure of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy containing trace amount of Sc

It has been reported that the element scandium(Sc) is the most effective modificator which can significantly refine the grain size, prohibit recrystallization process and increase the strength. Adding trace of Sc in 7000 series aluminum alloys is considered to be an effective way to modify its micros tructure and promote mechanical properties. In order to study the effect of Sc element on ascast microstructure of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy, ingots containing different amounts of Sc were prepared by ferrous-mold cast. Microstructures were characterized by means of differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), X-ray diffraction(XRD), optical microscope(OM) and scanning electrical microscope(SEM). The results indicate that when the Sc level exceeds a critical concentration,Al_3(Sc,Zr) primary phase would form in the melt and act as an efficient nucleant, resulting in very refined grain and an equiaxed grain structure. Sc element reduces the number of eutectic phases formed during solidification,coupled with an increase in the concentration of major alloying elements retained in the solute. This behavior suggests possible benefits in improving the integrated properties of terminal products.     

基于改进PSO-BP神经网络的冰蓄冷空调冷负荷动态预测模型

当前多数冰蓄冷空调冷负荷动态预测方法中,由于模型输入变量与输出结果相关性差、信息冗余度高等原因,导致多数预测模型在预测精度和收敛速度方面都未达到理想的预测效果,因此,提出一种改进的PSO-BP神经网络算法预测大型公共建筑的冷负荷。对于输入变量与输出结果采用灰色关联度分析,消除样本输入变量对数的耦合性,确定影响冰蓄冷空调系统冷负荷的关键性因素,将其作为输入变量,预测冰蓄冷空调系统动态冷负荷。结果表明：T时刻室外空气温度、T-1 h时刻室外空气温度、T时刻室外空气湿度、T时刻太阳辐射强度、T-1 h时刻太阳辐射强度、T-1 h时刻空调冷负荷是影响T时刻冰蓄冷空调系统冷负荷的关键因素,并以此作为预测模型的输入变量。相对于传统PSO-BP神经网络全输入变量预测算法,该模型预测结果精确度更高、收敛速度更快。     

大型水库库区下压煤开采研究

运用现场工程地质调查、室内岩石力学试验、现场测试、矿井涌水量统计、水质分析、理论计算以及数值模拟相结合的综合手段,分析认为煤层开采有安全保障；地面塌陷范围有限，不会波及到大坝附近；煤层开采不会造成库区水体渗漏,不会对大坝附近的渗流场产生影响.